الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The inhaled anaesthetics have been shown to be both safe and effective in inducing and maintaining anaesthesia for surgery and other invasive procedures. These agents do, however, differ in potency, adverse effect profile, and cost. Newer anaesthetic gases, such as sevoflurane and desflurane, appear to have more favorable physicochemical properties, such as low solubility (resulting in faster uptake and elimination) and little to no metabolism. However, selection must also take into consideration patient factors, as well as the duration and type of procedure. In practice, enflurane is generally not used in the United States because of the risk of seizures; the use of halothane is also limited because of its association with hepatotoxicity. Desflurane and sevoflurane are both attractive agents, with a faster onset of action and a shorter duration than the other inhaled agents, especially for ambulatory or minimally invasive surgeries. Finally, from this essay, xenon is considered the ideal inhaled anaesthestic agent because it has the following characters: non explosive, chemically stable, not reactive with absorbent, environmental friendly(not affect ozone layer, not green house gas, not affect global temperature), odourless, tasteless, low blood gas partition coefficient (0.14) with lack of airway irritability provides smooth and rapid onset of anaesthesia and rapid emergence, high potency, analgesic, haemodynamic stability, not trigger malignant hyperthermia, non teratogenic cardoprotective, neuroprotective, non carcinogenic, non mutagenic, with minimal side effects, minimal to no biodegradation, and no toxicity. However, xenon is present naturally in air, its manufacture by fractional distillation of air. Which is a difficult process, needs high energy and high cost. This made xenon very expensive and thus its restriction in use.