الفهرس 
The Calcareous soils definition
Bentonite clay (BC)Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The use of nano-sulfur (S-Nano) with humate and bentonite clay, either as a composite or alone as suspensions, to mitigate the negative effects of CaCO3 in calcareous sandy soils is a new strategy that has not yet been tested. After synthesizing the S-Nano based on a humic bentonite composite (Composite synth), this study was divided into two experiments: the first (main experiment) examined the use of a low dose of the Composite-synth, and the second (corroboration experiment) examined the use of a low-dose S-Nano suspension. Four amounts of Composite-Synth (200, 500, 1000, and 2000 kg ha-1 ) and four suspensions of S-Nano (15, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha−1), plus the control (0 Composite-synth or S-Nano), were examined. Pots were incubated under laboratory conditions for two months. The results of FE-SEM analysis of the Composite-synth suggested that the interlayer sites of the bentonite clay (BC) may have collapsed and formed a more closely connected structure with a heterogeneous smooth surface in which smooth spherical S-Nano agglomerates are buried. In addition, FT-IR spectra analysis showed that many absorption bands became very weak and disappeared, and new absorption bands appeared. The XRD pattern of BC and Composite-synth shows montmorillonite as the dominant mineral phase, with quartz and calcite being impurity minerals and traces of kaolinite. Obviously, the Composite synth experienced more shrinkage, an increase in 2θ value, and a decrease in the base distance.