الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Adiposity, that is known to be the excessive buildup of fat in tissues, usually occurs due to overeating, which is the primary reason for obesity, and arises when individuals consume a greater quantity of food than is needed. The global incidence of obesity is getting worse, and it has been associated with many accompanying diseases. Obesity, in addition to being a risk to the public, also constitutes a burden to the Egyptian economy. There are many methods used to diagnose obesity, such as anthropometric measurements, but those indexes are not regarded as reliable indicators of health because they cannot identify body fat mass or fat-free mass.
Bio-electrical impedance analysis is considered a trustworthy technique to detect fat mass, fat-free mass, and total body water. What makes this technique the most advisable among many other accurate methods is that it is affordable, noninvasive, quick, and can be repeated with no hazard to living things. BIA can precisely predict fat percentage and body lean mass. This can be accomplished by biological tissues’ electrical impedance measurement by injecting an alternating current (AC) into the body and calculating the resistance of the electrolytes to the flowing current in addition to the capacitive reactance of the cell membranes.
Many commercial therapeutic agents have already been used to attempt to manage obesity, such as orlistat, but recently their inefficiency and negative side effects have been proven.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are stable metallic nanoparticles and have been known for their unique physicochemical properties. Their unique attributes, such as good biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and easy surface modification, make them superior in the biomedical field.
The present study’s aim is to evaluate the effectiveness of spherical AuNPs of sizes ranging between 18 and 30 nm to control obesity and its associated comorbidities in male albino rats weighing approximately between 150 and 160 g and assessment the rats’ body composition via bioimpedance analysis.
Animals were given two weeks to acclimate in the animal house prior to the experiment’s start, which lasted nine weeks and were divided into six groups, eight for each; eight rats received a normal diet (Gp1) and all the rest animals were given a high-fat diet as follows:
Summary and Conclusion & Recommendations
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group 1 (Gp1): (Negative control).
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group 2 (Gp2): (Positive control) non-treated animals.
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group 3 (Gp3): (Accumulated dose) animals were injected daily with high doses of AuNPs (1.1214 μg/animal) intraperitoneally.
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group 4 (Gp4): (Single high dose weekly) animals were administered single high doses of AuNPs (7.85 μg/animal) by IP injection every week.
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group 5 (Gp5): (Low dose) animals were injected IP with low doses of AuNPs (0.785 μg/animal) every week.
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group 6 (Gp6): (Orlistat) animals were intraperitoneally injected with orlistat (12 mg/kg) dissolved in saline (1 ml/kg) every day.
Our present study showed that Gp2 revealed a notable elevation in all anthropometric measurements (body weight and BMI) as well as weight gain compared to Gp1 and all other treated groups. Rats that were treated with accumulated high doses of AuNPs (Gp3) and those that received single high doses of GNPs weekly (Gp4) showed a significant decrease in body weight, weight gain, and body mass index compared to the two other treated groups (Gp5 and Gp6).
BIA data agreed with the anthropometric measurements, which revealed that rats in the positive control group had a significant increase in fat mass and fat percentage compared to Gp1 (negative control). Treatment using high doses of AuNPs, whether administered daily or weekly, caused a significant reduction in fat mass and fat percentage compared to Gp2 (positive control). The other two treated groups, low doses of AuNPs-treated rats (Gp5) and those that received orlistat (Gp6), showed a reduction in fat mass and fat percentage but with less effect compared to Gp3 and Gp4.
FFM data, which was investigated by BIA, showed that all the treated groups had a significant decrease in fat-free mass associated with their body weights compared to obese, untreated rats (Gp2); however, animals that received low doses of GNPs and those that were treated with orlistat revealed a significant increase in FFM compared to Gp3 and Gp4.
TBW data exhibited that rats in Gp1 had a significant increase in total body water compared to Gp2 and all treated groups, while all treated groups had a significant increase in TBW compared to Gp2. Rats that were treated with high doses of AuNPs, either with accumulated or single doses every week, showed an increase in TBW compared to the other two treated groups.
The result determined by the direct body composition method was statistically in line with BIA data, but the direct method was an inaccurate approach to evaluating the fat mass in addition to requiring animal killing to achieve.