الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Heat integrated crude oil distillation systems consume an enormous quantity of energy and financial resources, and they have a very complicated structure with a lot of interactions between various components. Petroleum refiners are quite interested in retrofitting these systems. Retrofit objectives vary and are most effectively accomplished with a small capital cost while meeting equipment boundaries. Traditional approaches to crude oil distillation system retrofit design determine feasible changes based on experience gained by practice or utilizing the pinch analysis technique. Following that, iterative retrofitting technique methodologies for distillation and energy recovery equipment are upgraded separately. Recent techniques, rather than traditional heat recovery system, studied the distillation column and heat-integration targets simultaneously. Another disadvantage of conventional approaches is the lack of shortcut methods for the column of distillation retrofitting construction. This thesis provides an alternate method for retrofitting crude oil distillation network for heat-integration. Shortcut models for distillation retrofitting are being developed. These techniques are appropriate for retrofitting small distillation units as well as varied sophisticated distillation unit designs. Models are presented for retrofitting heat exchangers networks, adding additional heat exchangers to the existing units of distillation, improving the heat transfer in heat exchangers tubes, and assessing carbon dioxide emissions in the existing units of crude oil distillation. The retrofitting construction technique is optimization based, considering the current distillation process as well as the specifics of the accompanying energy of the system utilized for recovery. Current machinery constraints, including distillation column’s hydraulic capacity, heat exchangers network (HEN) DROP in pressure, and heat exchangers’ bottlenecks are taken into consideration. Techniques considers numerous changes in structure and designing possibilities, which results in major advantages. Examples include improving the exchangers heat transmission and lowering carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from the current crude oil distillation unit. Retrofitting mathematical models for towers and heat exchangers networks, expense structures, and appropriate goals are all part of the optimization system. The technology improves the conditions for operation of the present distillation system to minimize or maximize a particular purpose when adhering to current limitations. The objective function is flexible and varies according to retrofit objectives. A variety of objectives are considered, including lowering consumption of energy and total costs, boosting capacity, increasing revenue, and lowering emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2). By examining numerous design choices, the technique allows these goals to be recognized. The innovative retrofit strategy is being used to various industrial situations of crude oil distillation units to save energy and overall cost, improve throughput, modify the output of the product, improve profit, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Typical findings show that retrofitting objectives can meet significant saving on energy consumption as well as overall investment, as well as increased profit with low capital expenditure. The suggested modifications aimed to achieve higher energy savings than conventional approaches while maintaining the economic gain, without requiring any additional investment in a retrofit in an industrial case, especially up to 28% of the energy reduction, which is also equivalent to 23.38% less CO2 emissions every year.