الفهرس 
CHAPTER 1 Introduction and Literature SurveyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Advancement in nanotechnology and chemistry allows us to functionalize nanoparticles whose sizes are comparable to biological organelles. These various nanoparticles can be used to improve the efficiency of cancer treatment mainly through three modalities. (1) - Detection and imaging of cancer cells. (2) - The utilization of nanoparticles themselves as a treatment. (3) - Delivery of chemotherapy agents by loading them with nanoparticles. Part One: Simulation of Polymeric Micelles with Cancer Drug Daunorubicin-doxorubicin (DRC-DOX) In order to discover more effective treatment options, that we have to have a molecular understanding of drug transportation and delivery. The first part of this thesis reports, investigated the assembly mechanism of Daunorubicin-doxorubicin (DRC-DOX), a drug encapsulated by micelle systems including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic surfactant N-dodecyl phosphocholine (DPC), and mixed micelle DPC/SDS molecules. By employing all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we explored the aggregation behavior of SDS, DPC, SDS/DPC surfactants. The primary driving forces for drug encapsulation were identified as hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions. Additionally, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions played supportive roles in the aggregation of micelles. Our analysis of the Root mean square deviation, solvent accessible surface area, number of water molecules, and radial distribution function demonstrated that the presence of the anticancer drug Daunorubicin-doxorubicin (DRC-DOX) was found to have an impact on the process of micellization in water. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanism of drug-loaded micelles, these findings pave the way for improved design and development of drug delivery systems with desired properties. Part Two: Micellization synthesis of DPC, SDS, and mixed DPC/SDS micelles with Fluorometry It involves changes in those properties of the fluorescence probe have been widely used to study hydrophobic interactions in protein and membrane biology. The current study determines the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of mixed micelles of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cationic surfactant N-dodecyl phosphocholine (DPC) based on fluorescence intensity measurements. As the temperature rises, the onset of micellization tends to occur at higher concentrations. It was measured versus micelle concentration over a temperature range of (288-338) K. The obtained results were used to estimate the micellization thermodynamic parameters. Surfactant CMC drops to a minimum (T= 308 K) and then rises with temperature forming a parabolic curve as a function of temperature, according to experimental data. The CMCs are first correlated by a polynomial equation to determine the enthalpy of micellization. Both and ΔSmicappear to decrease monotonically as temperature rises. ΔGmic is negative, indicating that the micellization process is exothermic and favorable. The compensation temperature (Tc) ranged from (T=313-318 K) by linear regression over the whole temperature range and for DPC, SDS, and mixed micelles together. Part Three: Effects of 5-FU Loaded Poly Lactic Glycolic Acid Co-Delivery Nanoparticles on the liver cancer Cell Line It involves investigates the significant benefits of slow drug release in cancer treatment. By providing a sustained and prolonged drug exposure at the target site, slow release ensures a continuous therapeutic effect and improves the drug’s bioavailability. This approach overcomes challenges such as rapid clearance or metabolism, maintaining effective drug levels in the body. Additionally, reduced dosing frequency enhances patient compliance and enables consistent drug exposure. Controlled drug release minimizes potential side effects by maintaining optimal drug concentrations and optimizing the therapeutic index. When combined with targeted delivery systems, slow drug release allows for localized action, maximizing treatment efficacy while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. The study focuses on the encapsulation of a drug using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and water in conjunction with poly (D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The main objectives include evaluating the controlled release of the drug, assessing its anti-cancer effects on apoptosis and cell survival-related gene expression, and examining the cytotoxicity and IC50 value of drug-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in HepG human liver cancer cells. The study findings contribute to the understanding of how slow drug release can enhance the effectiveness and safety of cancer treatment. Part Four: Investigation of drug release modulation from PLGA micelles through ultrasound. The final part of this thesis is focused on the influence of low frequency ultrasound on drug release from polymeric micelles made of PLGA. The stability of micelles loaded with 5-fluorouracil in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Subsequently, drug release experiments were carried out both with and without ultrasound stimulation, and the release profiles were analyzed and fitted using different mathematical models”