الفهرس 
Aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The eyelids serve a vital function by protecting the globe, they provide fundamental elements of the corneal tear film and help tears evenly over the surface of the eye. For healthy individuals, in primary position, the upper eyelid margin lies at the superior corneal limbus in children and 1.5-2 mm below it in adults.
Blepharoptosis is a congenital, acquired or age related drooping of the upper eyelid margin in primary position of gaze. It results from dysfunction of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. The amount of the cornea covered by the eyelid varies resulting in visual disturbances and cosmetic problems
Surgery to correct the ptosis which is one of the most common facial updated procedures, is the most effective treatment for blepharoptosis. Transcutaneous and transconjunctival incisions are to methods that are used in blepharoptosis correction surgeries. The basic concept of the correction is to strengthen the levator aponeurosis by shortening Müller‘s muscle and advancing and fixing the levator aponeurosis to the tarsal plate.
The electrooculography (EOG) is used in recording of eye movements, which involve most of the muscles around the eyeball it is not designated for specified muscles related to eyelid closure and opening. For the evaluation of blepharoptosis correction that involves the orbicularis oculi muscle and the levator aponeurosis with the Müller‘s muscle, it is ideal to use surface electromyography (SEMG) rather than EOG. Eyelid SEMG signals are recordings of the electrical signals on the eyelid surface that measure the activities of Müller‘s and the orbicularis muscles.
Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the levator muscle function before and after ptosis surgery using surface electromyography to evaluate the improvement of the muscle function after surgery (levator resection surgery).
To elucidate our aim, this is a prospective coherent study based on clinical data on upper eyelid ptosis patients examined and approved by clinical outpatient clinic of ophthalmology at Menoufia University hospital and the surface electmyography testing was done at the department of physical medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation during the period of study from October 2021 to December 2022. This study was conducted on 20 patients with upper eyelid ptosis and 20 normal cases corresponding to the same age and sex of the patients. All cases and control were examined clinically and electrophysiologically.
All participate in this study was subjected to the following: Ocular history including personal history, complaint, present history, past history, family history including Ptosis and its onset, blepharophimosis syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, Cardiac diseases chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, drug History. Ocular examination including general features: Head position- Chin elevation- Sternomastoid contracture- Facial asymmetry- Dysmorphic features- Intercanthal distance (telecanthus), VA, orbit, globe, eyelid, lower eyelid, aberrant regeneration, conjunctiva, dry eye assessment, pupil, iris, fundus, bell‘s phenomenon testing & grading, extraocular muscle assessment and cover test, upper lid crease, levator function excursion & grading, MRD2, contralateral drop, the margin fold distance, lid lag on down gaze, frontalis action, frontalis action, variability, myathenia gravis signs.