الفهرس 
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Abstract
A proposed hybrid desalination system is presented that combines a humidifier-dehumidifier with a solar distiller. The system is theoretically analyzed using the differential volume method, a one-dimensional theoretical model of heat and mass transfers and flow field has been developed. In the present study, the system components have been investigated under steady-state conditions. Four influential desalination-process parameters are investigated: saline water flow rate, airflow rate, and number and height of packing column. The proposed hybrid desalination system can supply up to 35 liter/day. Increasing the number of packing columns outperformed increasing the height in terms of fresh water productivity. Optimal air flow rate at constant saline-water flow rate was found. System performance is evaluated based on Gain Output Ratio, GOR, humidifier efficiency, exergy efficiency, and system efficiency. Gained Output Ratio, GOR, reached 3.1, average system efficiency achieved 36 %, humidifier efficiency ranges 50-75% and exergy efficiency reached 5.2%.
Theoretical investigation for different hybrid-solar desalination system configurations have been conducted. The main comparative parameters that have been studied are water production cost, water productivity, system efficiency, gain output ratio and exergy efficiency. Five configurations have been studied, including three hybrid-layout configurations that comprise air humidification-dehumidification, and solar distiller units, in addition to two distinct standalone layout configurations. The hybrid system, HDH–SD, without solar water heater proved to be the most cost-effective configuration, with daily water production attaining about 30 liters/day in August.
Experimental work was performed under environmental conditions in September 2021. According to testing and operating parameters, the system highest productivity was 6.7 liter/m2 per day. System performance was tested and represented by system efficiency, humidifier efficiency, and gain output ratio (GOR). The average system efficiency, humidifier efficiency, maximum gain output ratio, and exergy efficiency reached 33 %, 93 %, 1.65, and 7.2 %, respectively. There is good agreement between the theoretical model and experimental work.
The present study includes the development of an exergoeconomic model for the system. Exergy-based loss rate, exergy production factor, exergoeconomic parameters, exergy efficiency and water cost are the main estimated parameters. The exergy loss rate in summer is higher than in fall and spring by about 33% and higher than in winter by about 60%. The exergoeconomic parameter decreases with an increase in interest rate. However, the increase in interest rate causes an increase in water cost. For lifetime 30 years and interest rate equal 2% the lowest water cost is about 1.3 $/m3, but exergoeconomic parameter is the highest.