الفهرس 
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Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder affecting whole body systems especially the nervous system. Pharmacological management of neuronal and cognitive dysfunction associated with diabetes includes tight blood glucose level control, antioxidants and neurotropic drugs. Cerebrolysin provides metabolic regulation, as well as neurotrophic, neuroprotection and neuromodulation activities. Aim of Work: In this study, we assessed the ability of Cerebrolysin, alone and combined with insulin, to protect from the degenerative changes that occurred in the prefrontal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus in a diabetic rat model. Material and Methods: Sixty adult male albino rats were equally divided into: control (gpI), diabetic (gpII), insulin-treated (gpIII), Cerebrolysin-treated (gpIV) and combined Insulin & Cerebrolysin-treated groups (gpV). Type 1 DM was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) in the following groups (II, III, IV & V). Insulin was given subcutaneously at a dose of 1 U/100g, once/day, starting from the 4th day till the end of the experiment. Cerebrolysin was given intraperitonealy at a dose of 5 ml/kg/day, starting from the 4th day till the end of the experiment. Samples of the three studied brain areas were collected 8-weeks post-injection. Results and Summary: Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and Immunohistochemical stains were used to assess the degenerative changes. The rat prefrontal cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus were subjected to microscopic examination and morphometric analysis. group I showed the normal arrangement of layers and cells. group II showed evident microscopic degenerative changes. Changes in mmunohistochemical expression of Bax, BCL-2, TNF-alpha, Synaptophysin & GFAP were also detected. The morphometric study revealed changes in the thickness of layers and number of cells. Groups III and IV showed mild improvement in most parameters. Sections of group V demonstrated marked improvement in most parameters and appeared more or less similar to the control. Cerebrolysin is a neurotropic drug that protects from the degenerative changes induced by diabetes, especially if combined with insulin.