الفهرس 
Traditional Grid & Smart GridOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Electrical energy storage (EES) technology is recognized as underpinning technology to have great potential in meeting the challenges in transmission and distribution to meet demand with unpredictable daily and seasonal variations. EES technology allows capture and storage of electrical energy for later use. Due to the growing interest in the application of smart grid (SG), the smart electrical distribution system is presented in this thesis. This thesis aims to study how to convert a traditional electrical grid into a SG through replacing the generation source to a renewable energy source and designing a suitable electrical energy storage system.
At first, the renewable energy source is chosen to be a solar energy system and designed to fully supply a load represented by a 33-bus test system. Then an optimal allocation of
reactive power compensation is applied using three optimization techniques which are particle swarm (PSO), Jaya and grasshopper optimization (GOA) techniques to compensate for the reactive power absorbed by the solar system and enhance the voltage
profile for the test system. The results of the techniques are finally compared. The nature of the solar energy production results in some surplus power which is used for producing the hydrogen which is necessary for designing an electrical energy source of type proton
exchange membrane fuel cell system (PEMFC). Then the resulted hybrid PV/PEMFC system is optimally distributed along the IEEE test system using the proposed techniques and the results are compared. Second, for an actual site in Egypt, a complete design for a hybrid (PV/PEMFC) is introduced while the solar system is designed with different penetration levels that are a percentage of the generation capacity. Third, the hybrid (PV/PEMFC) system is distributed along the actual system to improve
the voltage profile and decrease the total power losses using PSO, Jaya and GOA techniques and the results are compared.