الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate factors affecting fish culture in some fish farms
that use different sources of water (fresh water, agriculture drainage and sewage wastewater). The
culture water was subjected to physical, chemical and biological analysis. Also, bacteriological
examination (total bacterial count and total coliform) and heavy metal residues (iron, copper,
zinc, cadmium and lead) were determined in both water and fish muscle.
The physico-chemical properties of water showed highly significant difference among the different
sources of the culture water. The sewage-fed ponds revealed the highest density of phytoplankton
and zooplankton followed by agriculture drainage fish ponds, whereas fresh water ponds had the
lowest density. The muscle, gills and liver tissues of fish samples reared in sewage fish ponds
had highest levels of heavy metal residues and bacterial load (in muscle) followed by agriculture
drainage ponds then fresh water ponds.
- The growth rate and total yield of Oreochromis niloticus
and Mugil cephaius reared in sewage-fed ponds and agriculture drainage ponds were higher than
that reared in freshwater ponds. from the obtained results, it can be concluded that conditions at
sewage-fed ponds and agriculture drainage fish ponds were appropriate for fish rearing, though fish
are not safe for human consumption. The bacterial and heavy metal studies revealed that there is a
public health hazard associated with sewage wastewater and agriculture drainage re-use in
aquaculture, as the quality of fish did not comply with the standard levels recommended by WHO and
USEPA. Potential adverse health effects in such applications could be avoided if the wastewater is
sufficiently treated before use.