الفهرس 
Anatomical and physiological aspect OF THE kidneyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Since the prevalence of renal and urological disorders among children in our country is not known, this study was designed to screen the urine of school aged children in Menoufiya govemorate by microscopic analysis for detection of silent urinary abnormalities especially crystalluria and uncover the underlying diseases responsible for such disorders.
This study used crystalluria as a parameter for detecting the prevalence of renal and urological disorders in Menoufiya Govemorate.
Screening was done upon 3000 school aged children of both sexes and from different areas ( urban & rural) for crystalluria.
Those children were apparently healthy and aged 6-13year.
Initial screening by microscopic urine analysis to detect the presence of crystalluria, hematuria or pyuria.
Positive cases for crystalluria were subjected to further investigations, including:
1. complete history taking with stress on the presence of renal manifestations as renal colic, dysurea or urgency, history of previous renal disease and drug history for the children.
2. laboratory investigations including blood urea ,creatinine ,serum calcium, phosphorus, uric acid and serum electrolyte.
3. Ultrasonography was also done for cases positive for crystalluria for detection of any renal or urological stones or abnomalitis.
In this study, the prevalence of crystalturia among school children was with significant higher prevalence in rural than urban areas (crystalluria