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Abstract
Foeniculum vulgare, Mill var. Dulce (fennel) is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants grown in the countries bordering Mediterranean Sea and Egypt. Foeniculum vulgare is used in fold medicine (for human and insect). It’s fruits and oil are used in many pharmaceutical preparations and food industries.
The present work aimed to clarify to what extent Foeniculum vulgare plant will tolerate saline water irrigation in sandy soils and improving its fruits yield and oil productivity by using complete fertilizer (sangral) ( as application dates and concentrations) (under the new reclaimed soils and drip irrigation system conditions). Besides to study the effect of these treatments and their interaction treatments on growth, flowering, fruit yield components, oil production and components as well as some chemical constituents i.e., the percentages and contents of each of total carbohydrates, nitrogen, protein, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, manganese and iron of fennel plants. Furthermore, the effects of those used treatments on correlation coefficients between the important characters of fennel plant were studied.
The used saline water irrigation (by using the salt crust of water) levels at control, 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm . Whereas, the concentrations of complete fertilizer were; control , 1000, 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm. Also, the treatments of application dates were; 30, 60 and 90 days from planting. Each of application date was combined with each level of complete fertilizer to form fifteen interaction treatments which were the combination treatments between three application dates and five complete fertilizer concentrations as mentioned before. The control plants were treated with tap water.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows
I. First Experiment
Effect of saline water irrigation treatments on fennel plats
1.The treatments of saline water irrigation caused highly significant decrease in each of plant height, number of leaves, branches / plant, root length, fresh and dry weights of each of leaves, stem and root / plant. In the same time, the reductions in this respect was increased as salinity levels increased up to that of 4000 ppm.
2.The treatment of saline water irrigation at 4000 ppm recorded highly significant decrease in number of umbels and bisexual flowers / plant as well as No. of umbellates/ umbel . While, male flowers No. / plant and sex expression (male/ bisexual ratio) were significantly increased with the same treatment of salinity compared to control.
3. Weight of fruits per plant and per feddan as well as weight of 100 fruits recorded highly significant decrease as a result by using 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm concentrations of salinity treatments compared to control.
4.