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المستخلص --- - ._.. --- 2 Summary Introduction: The physically handicapped persons are pended from performing their social rules sufficiently. Recently, a considerable concern has been dedicated to handicap in general and physical handicap, in particular, in order to examine its forms, the reasons behind it, and the consequences of it so that medical, psychological, social and educational care could be provided to such people to help them to rise up to abilities and potentials in order to achieve all professional, social and self-suffiency as one of their human rights. Physical handicap, as shown in the literature, cause so many psychological problems which are reflected on one’s behaviour and his psychological and social adaptation; and that has led the researchers to study the personality of the physically handicapped people to identify the negative affects that both the handicapped and the society suffer from by such handicap. The negative affects of the physical handicap could be sums up . in the following psychological and social problems as kliemke (1968) puts it: • A feeling of inferiority and self-refuse. • A feeling of helplessness. • A loss of self-confidence, emotional disorder, Anxiety, anger, aggression, beside unacceptance of the handicap. -~ ,---~------~~-_.,--_.- - __ ~ __ ~.__ _ __ •• __ ._~~ • __ • , .~_~_~. 0. _ _ _ __ . __ ~~ 3 The results of some studies show that the physically handicapped people seems to be aggressive as an affect of the handicap on their behaviour, some of those studies are: Eckart, 1998; Gardner & Moffatt, 1990; Schnittjer & Hiasharen, 1979, Fawkeya Abd El-Hameed, 1993; Hussun Mustaffa & Sami Hashim, 1988. Aggression, a long with other emotional disorders such as Anger and anxiety, are some of the common behavioural problems of the physically handicapped people, which have attracted the attention of many researchers to examine such problems and identify its reasons; the cognitive approach pioneers, in particular, have given great consideration to study that field specially that their researches indicate strong evidence that behind every emotional behaviour lies an irrational belief pattern adopted by the handicapped person and cause psychological and social improper adaptation. Ellis (1962) has adopted one of the cognitive behaviour modification pattern, which is, the rational-emotive therapy, in treating the psychological disorders, for it helps the physically handicapped person to identify his irrational thoughts and to encourage him to modify them into more rational ones, which lead to lessen the aggressive behaviour, anger and anxiety, and to improve self-esteem and self-acceptance as well. Significance of the study: The significance of the study: - .. _.,-’_._ .. _-----~-_._----~- ---- --1 -~ - -- -_ ..._..~- 4 1. The study examines some variables that affect the psychological and social adaptation of the physically handicapped people such as -aggression, anger, anxiety, self-esteem and accepting the handicap. 2. Ediffing a battery of measurements and tests to measure some of psychological variables of the physically handicapped people, after identifying its psychometric characteristics, help school social specialist and teacher to identify the psychological problems of the physically handicapped people. 3. Preparing a Rational-Emotive behavioral program according to the rational-emotive therapy by Albert Ellis, that deals with the sample of the study who are physically handicapped teenagers, is a motor step to help lessing their aggression, anger and anxiety. 4. An attempt to modify the irrational thoughts of the physically handicapped sample into more rational ones help them to accept their handicap and improve their self-esteem which make them feel that they could success in all different fields. 5. The study helps school psychologist, teachers and parents to participate in planning programs that treat the psychological disorders of the physically handicapped people and help them to use their left capability to its atmost. 6. The techniques of treatment program help the physically handicapped people to obtain skills that help them to face some daily problems caused by the handicap. 7. The study offer information that help specialists to understand the problems of the physically handicapped people and how to face it. ~~---~~----------- - - --------------------------- M ,W -~------ ---. 1 5 Questions of the study: The study has to answer the following questions: 1. Is there a significant statistical effect of the rational-emotive behavioral program on modifying the aggressive behaviour of the physically handicapped females? 2. Is there a significant statistical effect of the rational-emotive behavioral program on lessing the Anger state of the physically handicapped females? 3. Is there a significant statistical effect of the rational-emotive behavioral program on lessing the anger trait of the physically handicapped females? 4. Is there a significant statistical effect of the rational-emotive behavioral program on lessing the degree of anxiety of the ”. physically handicapped people? 5. Does the rational-emotive behavioural program help the physically handicapped people to modify their irrational thoughts into more rational ones. 6. Is there a significant statistical effect of the rational-emotive behavioral program on the self-esteem of the physically handicapped people? 7. Is there a significant. statistical effect of the rational-emotive behavioral program on the physically handicapped people’s acceptance of their handicap? ~.~~----- ._-,._-~_.--- - 6 8. Does the efficacy of the rational-emotive behavioral program keep having the same effect on the variables of the study after the following up. Objectives of the study: The study aim at: 1. Preparing a battery that include a set of psychological tests with its psychometric characteristics that fit that sample of the study. 2. Knowing how far is the rational-emotive therapy as a cognitive treatment is efficient in modifying the aggressive behaviour of the physically handicapped people. 3. Knowing how far is the rational-emotive therapy as a cognitive treatment is efficent in lessing the degree of anger and anxiety and in examining the irrational thoughts and replacing them by rational ones for the physically handicapped people. 4. Knowing the amount of improvement ill self-esteem and acceptance of the handicap for the physically handicapped people after having the cognitive program. The hypothesis of the study: 1. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering aggressive behaviour, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. 2. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering 7 anger, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. 3. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering the irrational thoughts, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. 4. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering anxiety, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. S. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering self- esteem, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. 6. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for both the experimental and control groups considering the sample acceptance of the physical handicap, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. 7. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for both the experimental group in pre-test and post-test considering anger trait in favor of the post-test. 8. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of ranks for both the two experimental groups in pre-test and post-test considering the anger state in favor of the post-test. - --------------- --- ------ - _._-~ 8 9. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for the two experimental groups in pre-test and post-test .considering the irrational thoughts, in favor of the post -test, 1O. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for the two experimental groups in pre-test and post-test considering anxiety, in favor of the post-test. 11. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for the two experimental groups in pre-test and post-test considering self-esteem, in favor of the post-test. 12. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for the two experimental groups in pre-test and post-test considering the acceptance of the handicap, in favor of the posttest. 13. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks for the two experimental groups in first post-test (after treatment) and second post-test (after following up) considering the used measurement, in favor of the second post-test. Sample of the study: The sample of the study consists of (30) girls students who are physically handicapped, chosen from the preparatory and secondary schools of Tanta city, age between (13-17.5) years old. They were divided in two groups, the experimental and control groups, each of (15) girls students. ._ .. ~-----._--------------- ..._-- -----,_.~-_.-., .. 9 versions: • The physically. handicapped people idea about the aggressive behvaiour. (version A) • The teacher’s idea aboutthe aggressive behaviour of the physically handicapped people. (version B) • The parent’s idea about the aggressive behaviour of the physically handicapped people. (version C) 3. State-trait of anger by spielberger et aI. Arabized and editted by EISamadony, EI- Sayed and the researcher. 4. The explicit anxiety measurement by Taylor - arabized and editted by Ghali, Mohammad and Abo-Mam Raga’a. 5. Self- esteem measurement for the physically handicapped people. Prepared by the researcher. 6. Handicap-acceptance measurement by Linkikosky - arabized and edited by Debbis, Sa’aid. Procedures of the study: The study witnessed the following stages: ._~-~-~-- -----_ .. _._-- - 10 -~. First stage: Preparing the study tools and examining that it is qualified for the sample and identifying its psychometric characteristics. Second Stage: Choosing the sample of both, the pilot study and the main one, which has divided into two groups, the experimental and the control one and adopting the study variables pre-test. Third stage: Applying the prepared treatment program and adopting the post-test for the experimental group. Fourth stage: Adopting the second post-test a month after finishing the treatment program. Fifth stage: Correction of the study tools in different measurements and analyzing them statistically to identify the validit / of the hypothesis. Study results: 1. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering the aggressive behaviour, as measured by the aggression measurement (A, B and C versions), after’ applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. 2. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering the 11 anger trait after applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. 3. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering anger state, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. 4. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering the irrational thoughts, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. 5. There are significant statistical differences between the mean of the ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering the anxiety, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the --- experimental group. 6. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the mean of the ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering self- esteem, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. 7. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the mean of the ranks of both the experimental and control groups considering handicap - acceptance, after applying the treatment program, in favor of the experimental group. 8. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the mean of the ranks of both pre-test and post-test considering the -~~-~- -------------- ---~ 12 aggressive behaviour (A, B and C versions), in favor of the posttest. 9. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the mean of the ranks of both the pre-test and post-test considering the anger trait, in favor of the post-test. 10. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the mean of the ranks of both the pre-test and post-test considering the irrational thoughts, in favor of the post-test. 11. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the mean of the ranks of both the pre-test and post-test considering anxiety, in favor of the post-test. 12. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the mean of the ranks of both the pre-test and post-test considering self- esteem, in favor of the post-test. 13. There are significant statistical differences (p < 0.001) between the mean of the ranks of both the pre-test and post-test considering the handicap - acceptance; .in favor of the post test. 14. The effecacy of the rational emotionel behavioural program proceed to ease the degree of aggression, anger and anxiety for the .physically handicapped people; and to improve their self- esteem, handicap-acceptance and irrational thoughts modification into more rational (logical) ones. Such results have been explained in the light of the adopted theories and literature furthermore, the researcher has provided certain recommendations and suggested future researches. |