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Abstract
Summary & Conclusion
266
SUMMARY
&
CONCLUSION
What has forcing the scientists and researchers to develop and invent an
antimicrobial agents and continue to do so? Without doubt the presence of infectious
organisms and the continuous appearance of new generation of the organisms
that are more resistant to the old antimicrobial agents. Hence the importance
of finding a new, powerful, and safe antibiotics to overcome the serious
adverse effects of the invasive organisms to both humanbeing and animals.
The role of antibiotics and antimicrobials in poisoning as well as druginduced
adverse effects becomes increasingly important because of their extensive
use all over the world and no one in the whole world did not administered
any of this class. One of the recently introduced family is quinolones or fluoroquinolones
(QLs or FQs) which are the newest as well as the most commonly
used drugs as antiifective agents worldwide in nearly all countries because of
their high effectiveness in eradicating infectious diseases especially respiratory
and urinary tract. In addition, FQs have considerable and practical pharmacokinetic
features, including excellent oral absorption, excellent tissue distribution,
significant interstitial fluid levels, substantial phagocytic cellular levels, good
lung and urinary concentrations, and long half-lives. Year after year there are
thousands of structurally related agents that have been introduced into the infectious
disease market, some of them showed excellent results and others were
withdrawn from the market because of their severe side-effects and toxicities.
These studies were done to evaluate and compare the toxic potentialities of
3 of the FQs viz., levofloxacin (LEVO), ofloxacin (OFLO), and ciprofloxacin
(CIPRO), in albino rats by studying their effects on the chromosomal pattern
(adolescent & adult rats), as well as their effects on liver and kidney (mature
rats). Also, their effects on mature and immature rats’ cartilages were studied by