الفهرس 
Material and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
_____ ~ ~ Summary and Conclusion
Summary and Conclusion
Vascular complications comprise one of the most frequent
complications in diabetes and may be a leading cause of increased
mortality in these patients (Magill, et al., 1996). Endothelin and nitric
oxide may serve as markers of endothelial dysfunction (Faraci, et al.,
1998). So, it was planned in this work to clarify the role of endothelin
and nitric oxide as markers of endothelium malfunction, which is a gate
of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus.
In order to achieve this goal, this study was carried out on 75
subjects. 60 of them were diabetic patients, classified into 2 groups.
Group I consisted of35 non-insulin dependent diabetics with mean age
of 50.24 ± 17.29 years including 18 males and 17 females. Group II
consisted of 25 insulin dependent diabetics with mean age of37.73 +
13.15 years including 14 males and 1I females. The rest 15 subjects
were well cross-matched apparent healthy volunteers with mean age of
45.13 ±-10.52 years including 9 males and 6 females as a control group
or group III.
All subjects under study were subjected to a thorough history and
clinical examination with special stress on the following: duration of
diabetes, mode of therapy, state of diabetic control and presence of
complications ..as micro and macro-vascular complications. Also, all
subjects under study were subjected to laboratory investigations
including fasting and 2-hours post-prandial plasma glucose, glycated
hemoglobin, urine analysis for microalbumin, serum creatinine level,
lipid pattern including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol
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Summary and Conclusion
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and LDL-cholesterol, plasma level of endothelin and plasma level of
nitric oxide.
According to the results obtained from this study it is found that:
There was a significant increase of plasma levels of endothelin
and decrease of plasma levels of nitric oxide in diabetic patients when
compared to the control group.
The changes in endothelin and nitric oxide levels in diabetic
patients were more obvious in the poor controlled diabetic patients.
There was no significant difference in plasma level of endothelin
and nitric oxide between insulin-dependent diabetic patients and noninsulin-
dependent diabetic patients.
The clinical complications (as retinopathy, hypertension,
nephropathy and peripheral neuritis) became more sever with the
increase in endothelin level and with the decrease in nitric oxide level.
There was a significant positive correlation and regression
between endothelin and glycated hemoglobin, microalbumin,
cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, retinopathy, hypertension,
peripheral complications and nephropathy.
There was a significant negative correlation and regression
between nitric oxide and glycated hemoglobin, microalbumin,
cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, retinopathy, hypertension,
peripheral complications and nephropathy.
from the results obtained in this study, it is concluded that plasma
endothelin and nitric oxide levels could be added as chemical markers of
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____________ ~ Summary and Conclusion
diabetic control. Also, they may be used as markers of endothelial
malfunction, which is the comer stone in diabetic complications.