الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Rheumatic diseases are painful conditions that affect millions of people. These diseases primarily affect joints, tendons, ligaments, bones and muscles. They are characterized by the signs of inflammation: redness, hotness, swelling, pain and loss of function among one or more connective or supportive structures of the body. Rheumatic diseases can also affect internal organs including heart, skin, kidneys and lungs. Osteoarthritis is a prevalent rheumatic disease characterized by the progressive breakdown of articular cartilage, resulting in pain, deformity, and decreased function of affected joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic multisystemic autoimmune disease of unknown etiopathogenesis. Several different mechanisms probably overlap on a defined genetic background in triggering and perpetuating the disease. Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that occurs following a Group A streptococcal infection, (such as strep throat or scarlet fever). Acute rheumatic fever commonly appears in children between the ages of 5 and 17, with only 20% of first-time attacks occurring in adults. Nanotechnology is an emerging multidisciplinary science. It is the design, characterization, production and application of structures, devices and systems for controlling shape and size at nanometer scale, therefore it has the ability to manipulate and fabricate materials at the atomic scale. ”Nano” means dwarf in ancient Greek and one nanometre is one-billionth of a meter. Available investigations include imaging of bones and joints (such as X-rays, Ultrasound, CT and MRI), blood tests that assess systemic disease (such as ESR, Rheumatoid Factor, Anti-CCP, ANA, anti-ds DNA) and analysis of joint fluid can not make early diagnosis of rheumatic diseases. Although the benefits of Nanotechnology are enormous, studies and researches should indicate how to maximize the benefits and reduce the risks. Lastly, nanotechnology holds a great promise for early diagnosis and effective drug delivery to rheumatic diseases. The defect in maintaining early diagnosis of rheumatic diseases and the numerous side effects of the drugs used in their treatment make nanotechnology an attractive approach to overcome these problems.