الفهرس 
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Abstract
In this thesis a propagation method of Taxodium distichum and Taxodium mucronatum was performed with callus culture and subsequent phytochemical analysis of T. distichum and T. mucronatum to identify secondary products which the callus accumulates. Taxodium considered as one of the most important medicinal tree in the world because of its biological activity which could be summarized as antitumor activity, HIV-1PR inhibitory activity, vasoactive effect, promotion of menstruation, inhibition of silkworm enteric microorganisms. This study also included in vitro propagation method using somatic embryogenesis of Withania somnifera and determination of its contents of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Withania considered as a drug for the treatment of cancer, tuberculosis, rheumatism, inflammatory conditions, cardiac, bacterial and Alzheimer diseases. The research was carried out in the tissue culture laboratory of the Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University during the season of 2005-2010. The phytochemical analysis was carried out in Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University. The aim of this work is to achieve the best shooting and elongation of T. distichum and T. mucronatum sprouts and to study its metabolites. Also, in this work, we studied the effect of growth regulators that achieve the best shooting and elongation of W. somnifera, somatic embryogenesis, and their component of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. This study revealed the following important results: 1- The best shoot number/ explant of Taxodium destichum was obtained from ½ MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP in presence of 20 g/l activated charcoal. 2- The best shoot number/ explant of T. mucronatum was obtained from 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP in presence of 20 g/l activated charcoal. 3- The adequate mass callus of Taxodium was obtained from full strength MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/l 2,4-D plus 3.0 mg/l NAA. 4- Four compounds isolated from Taxodium callus were hydrocarbons, β-amyrin, β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol 3-O-glucoside. 5- The best method for Withania somnifera multiplication is somatic embryogenesis which induced from full strength MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP plus 0.01 mg/l NAA. 6- Myristic acid was found to be the major saturated fatty acid in regenerated plantlets of W. somnifera but, oleic and linoleic acids were the major unsaturated fatty acid. This study recommends using tissue culture technique to improve secondary products in Taxodium and Withania plants.