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Abstract To avoid ESWL-induced immediate renal injury, it is better to define the values of lithotriptor parameters (such as energy, frequency and number of shocks per session) beyond which ESWL might harm the renal parenchyma. After 25 years of application of Shock waves for treatment of renal stones in pediatric patients, the concerns that have been raised about its long-term sequelae were not clinically proved. Therefore, ESWL appears to be a safe procedure for treating renal stones in children. |