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Abstract this dissertaation deals with active circulators and their applications. frequency ranges considered are the voice-frequency band (0.3-3.4KHZ)and the carrier-frequency band (5-12000KHZ).Existing methods for the realization of the active circulator from transistors,resistors and capacitors are given, improvements on them as well as new methods are suggested and analysed.chapterII deals at first in ageneralmanner with the three fundamental non-reciprocal elements:the gyrator,the isolator and the circulator these ideal elements are defined by their transmission matrices, and the different methods of their realization, passive and active, are briefly discussed.it is shown that any one of them can be converted to any other. further,applications of gyators and isolators are given, as well as present applications of circulators at microwave freqencies. |