الفهرس 
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Abstract
Laryngotracheal stenosis is a challenging disease entity especially in the pediatric age group. The role of the pediatric airway surgeon is to provide the patient with the best management plan that maintain a safe and functional airway without a tracheostomy. In order to achieve this ultimate goal, an MDT approach is mandatory to set an individualized treatment plan based on every patient’s disease characteristics and comorbidities. This is best to be accomplished in a specialized airway center in a pediatric hospital setting. Moreover, every effort should be made to control the adverse preoperative factors that may contribute to a suboptimal outcome and restenosis.
The present study was conducted to review the experience of our tertiary care center in managing pediatric patients with LTS, and to investigate the potential role of stem cell application in improving the outcome of the management of LTS.
The study was conducted in two parts: the first part was a retrospective clinical review study, in which the records of pediatric patients (n = 46) with acquired LTS managed in our department between 2016 and 2021 were reviewed and analyzed. The second part was a prospective experimental animal study, where the role of application of BM-MSCs in rat model with subglottic trauma was investigated. The rats (n = 24) were divided into 3 groups (8 in each group): a control (trauma only) group, a systemic injection group, and a local injection group. In the last two groups, BM-MSCs were applied (synchronously with subglottic trauma) either systemically or locally, respectively. Specimens from the three groups were subjected to histopathological analysis, and compared regarding the degree of inflammation, the AP diameter of the subglottic region, and the thickness of the LP.