الفهرس 
Introduction
Chapter 1: Heart FailureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 126 |  |  |
| | | from | 126 | | |
Abstract
ongestive heart failure is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in dialysis patients. Left ventricular hypertrophy is the consequence of combined effects of chronic hemodynamic overload and nonhemodynamic biochemical and neurohumoral factors characteristic of uremia. The hemodynamic overload is due to flow and pressure overload. Congestive heart failure, present on the initiation of end-stage renal disease therapy, is an adverse, independent, prognostic indicator of mortality. Recurrent congestive heart failure in patients established on dialysis has an adverse prognosis. However, little prospective data exists concerning the risk factors for congestive heart failure, and the role of underlying cardiac disease in the etiology of congestive heart failure in dialysis patientsIn the current study, a total of 290 dialysis patients to assess the frequency and risk factors of congestive heart failure. Besides, baseline clinical evaluation and laboratory data; all patients were subjected to echocardiography to evaluate chamber size, left ventricle systolic dysfunction, left ventricle diastolic dysfunction, pericardial effusion, and to estimate pulmonary artery systolic pressure. In this study, we found that 127/ 290 (43.8%) of the studied patients have congestive heart failure, among whom, 53/127 (41.7%) have heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, while 74/127 (58.3%) have heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. It was found that those patients with congestive heart failure had significantly higher frequency among male and smokers. Also, those patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction had significantly higher frequency among male and smokers in comparison to those with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.