الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
The main goal of this investigation was Isolation and characterization of microorganisms from Molasses and Vinasse and screening and enhancing their ability to produce both Bioethanol & Cellulase
To archive this aim, the following investigations were performed:
Collection samples of Molasses and vinasses samples from different factories of beet and cane
Isolation of microorganisms from molasses and vinasses
Morphological and Molecular identification of the isolates
Then the investigation can be divided into two subsections:
Firstly, the Bioethanol Production studies
Secondly, the Cellulase Production studies
Bioethanol production
Estimation of Ethanol production from each isolate
Production of bioethanol from molasses
Enhancement of Bioethanol Production
Quantification of the important genes related with ethanol production by qRT-PCR under different treatments
Cellulase production
Estimation of Cellulase production from each isolate
Production of cellulase enzyme from molasses and bagasse
Enhancement of cellulase Production
Quantification of the important genes related with cellulase production by qRT-PCR under different treatments
Summary
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The main results can be summarized in the following point:
1) Seventy-six microbial isolates were isolated from the collected molasses and vinasse. (64 bacterial isolate + 12 Yeast isolates).
2) Agarose –gel electrophoresis showed that only 12 isolates (E2, G11, D2, D3, D4, D8, D10, D11, D12, C6, Z2 and f1) were able to produce the PCR specific band (1170 bp), so they were identified as S. cerevisiae. While this band disappeared by other isolates (64 isolate).
3) Screening of bioethanol productivity revealed that M3 isolate was the best bioethanol producing isolate, so it was selected for molecular identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing that identified the isolate as K. pneumonia.
4) The mutagenesis of M3 isolate did not enhance the bioethanol productivity.
5) The best Bioethanol Production condition from molasses were obtained after 3 days at 20% of molasses, 0.4 % of urea and 0.4 % of ammonium sulfate.
6) Different molasses concentration (10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%), and different pH levels (4, 5, 6 and 7) were examined to determinate the best bioethanol production condition. The results raveled that the maximum bioethanol productivity were at pH 5 and a concentration of 25 % molasses.
7) Real time PCR were used for the quantification of expression levels for adeh gene which is a major gene for bioethanol production in isolate M3 (high bioethanol producer) and isolate G1 (low bioethanol producer), and it was found that the adeh gene has 5.8 folds higher expression level which confirm the role of adeh gene in bioethanol production.