الفهرس 
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In most semiarid and arid coastal communities, the growing demand for water due to urban and industrial uses has prompted planners to look for renewable alternative water sources. Egypt has undertaken numerous large-scale desalination projects along the Medterranean and Red Sea coasts in the last ten years in order to address the country’s ongoing population growth as well as its urban and industril developmnts. The most practical way to meet the region’s enormous water demand is by desalination, particularly given the Nile’s restricted water supplies and the anticipated decline in water share brought on by upstream dam construction and climate change.
In Egypt, RO desalination facilities are becoming a significant source of freshwater resources. Brine wastewater disposal is still a difficult issue, though. If released insufficiently, hypersalin watr effluent—a byproduct of saltwater desalnation—has a detrimental effect on the marine ecosestem. Guidelines and engineering formulas were presented in this work to design a marine outfall system for the safe disposal of brine effluents. This study evaluates the initial dillution discharged into coastal watr areas through various outfall system configuratons by simulating, predicting, and managing the brine discharge dispersion and dilution behavior using the CORMX v 9.0 near-field hydrodynamc model. The study has chosen an existing desalination plant in the city of Marsa Matruh, which is situated on the Mediterranean Sea coast.
The empirical equation or marine outfall design aids for reject brine removl systems with a multiport difuser were inferred from the simulation data. The effluent system’s diameter, length, and port count are the design parameters. Planners are given useful tools by these optimized simulation frameworks to accomplish economic or cost-effective design while adhering to environmental regulations. A case study illustrated how the suggested strategy may be applied.
The study concluded that ambient speed, water depth, and diffuser length is very effective parameters on dilution. An equation was derived to calculate dilution for single port outfalls. Furthermore, coupling between hydrodynamic simulation and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques was proven to be efficient in the optimization and unification of the marine outfalls design under different outfall and environmental conditions.