الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
HNC is considered the seventh most common malignancy worldwide. Recurrence of HNC poses a significant challenge to long-term survival, with a locoregional recurrence rate of 30-50% within the first two years of management. Various imaging modalities are used for recurrence detection. However, interpreting post-treatment imaging in HNC cases is complex due to surgical resection and reconstruction, as well as radiation and chemotherapy-induced changes, which are challenging to distinguish from residual tumor or recurrence.
To address these challenges, NI-RADS was developed as a standardized reporting template with management recommendations. NI-RADS provides categories based on imaging findings to aid in differentiating post-treatment changes from residual or recurrent tumors. Initially, NI-RADS was applied to CECT and PET-CT and could be used similarly to CE-MRI. Subsequently, in 2021 an independent addition was made for MRI NI-RADS with inclusion of T2SI at the primary tumour site.
T2SI in MRI can help differentiate fibrotic tissue from edema and granulation tissue, providing varying levels of suspicion. DWI, a functional MRI sequence, detects microscopic changes by measuring the diffusion of water molecules in tissues and assessing tissue cellularity.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of DWI and T2 SI as NI-RADS criteria. The addition of these parameters to NI-RADS aims to enhance the accuracy of distinguishing post-treatment changes from residual or recurrent tumors in HNC cases.