الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of two different methods for retracting the mandible en masse, using mandibular buccal shelf miniscrews.
A sample of 20 teenage patients, aged between 14 and 25 years and of any gender, who had either a skeletal Class I or mild skeletal Class II relationship, together with notable crowding in the lower arch surpassing 7 mm, were randomly allocated to two separate groups. Each group consisted of a total of 10 patients. Within group 1, a collective retraction of teeth was noted specifically at the major archwire level.
group 2 demonstrates a retraction force that is exerted at the location of the center of resistance of the lower anterior segments.
The user’s content does not contain any information to alter.The diagnostic data for each patient encompassed the collection of both panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs prior to the commencement of treatment. The process of space closure, referred to as T0 and T1 in this study, is deemed to have completed.
Cone beam computed tomography images were performed at two discrete time points for the full sample.
T2: Before the onset of extensive retraction.
T3: Upon the conclusion of the collective retraction process and the subsequent achievement of complete space closure.
The patients were assigned to their respective groups based on the randomization table. Regarding group 2, a hook that may be crimped was placed within the target region situated at the center of resistance of the lower anterior dentition, namely between the lower lateral incisors and canine teeth.
The retraction procedure was began utilizing a stainless steel wire with dimensions of 0.017 inches by 0.025 inches. A chain made of elastomeric material was utilized, with a force of 212 grams applied on both sides.I apologize for the lack of text provided by the user. Please submit the necessary text for me to rewrite in an academic manner.
Within the first group, there is an observation of an elastomeric chain that undergoes extension from the miniscrew head, thereby efficiently interacting with the ligated anterior section. In accordance with Figure 14, it can be observed that...
group 2 exhibits the existence of elastomeric chains that protrude from the miniscrew head and are fastened by a crimpable hook on each side.
After the conclusion of space closure, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is utilized to measure the degree of vertical bone resorption on the labial and lingual surfaces of the lower central incisor.
Based on the limitations and parameters of this study, the subsequent inferences can be derived:
The utilization of buccal shelf miniscrews has the potential to achieve absolute anchoring in the context of En masse retraction.
The utilization of the en masse retraction technique is widely regarded as a secure approach in the management of individuals afflicted with periodontal dysfunction.
It is advisable to do the retraction of the complete anterior segment at the estimated center of resistance.
Before commencing retraction, it is imperative to evaluate the vertical dimensions of the labial and lingual bone to effectively manage the potential hazards linked to bone resorption caused by the compressive impact on the lingual or palatal alveolar bone.
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a reliable method for three-dimensional imaging that requires strict adherence to safety guidelines.
Recommendations
1. Further investigations with a large sample size are needed to examine the intrusion of the lower anterior segment.
2. The evaluation of occlusal plane alterations is necessary both during and after the course of treatment.
3. In future research, it is advisable to closely monitor the problems and stability of mini screws during the entire process, from insertion to withdrawal.