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Abstract Methotrexate (MTX) is a common chemotherapeutic drug that inhibits DNA synthesis and induces apoptosis treatment with MTX increases CD73 expression leading to higher leves of extracellular adenosine adenosine abundant in the tumor microenvironment promotes cancer cell survival and immune evasion through the adenosine 2a receptor (A2AR) A2AR antagonists including caffeine are emerging as agents that enhance immunotherapy efficacy . |