الفهرس 
Chapter 2: PV GRID-CONNECTED SYSTEMS
Double Diode ModelOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Renewables are spreading worldwide due to several reasons like minimal operating costs and privileged access to electricity grids. Photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming an essential element of our energy landscape as renewable energy sources become more widely integrated into power networks.
The shift to sustainable energy production has resulted in a huge rise in the volume of renewable energy sources in the electric grid. These ecologically friendly energy sources not only assist in minimizing carbon emissions, but they also help to fulfil the ever-increasing need for electricity. PV systems have become a cornerstone in the shift to renewable energy sources as a solar power technology, providing multiple advantages to the grid, the environment, and society. Despite pandemic repercussions and a spike in global commodity prices that disrupted renewable energy supply chains, renewables recorded yet another year of record capacity expansion, although some initiatives were pushed back. As energy costs rose rapidly in late 2021 and the Russian Federation’s invasion of Ukraine began in early 2022, the role of renewables in increasing energy security and sovereignty by replacing fossil fuels became key to talks. Several applications use PV modules such as Earth-orbiting Solar Power Satellites (SPSs), photovoltaic pumps for irrigation systems, and remote off-grid systems.
The quality of the photovoltaic (PV) cell model impacts many simulation studies for PV systems, such as maximum power point tracking and other assessments. Moreover, due to limited information found in the datasheets of the PV cells, several parameters of the model are unavailable. Thus, this thesis introduces a novel approach using Hybrid Grey Wolf and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm to figure out these parameters under different environmental conditions. The proposed algorithm is used with two types of PV cells – Kyocera KC200GT and Canadian solar cell CS6K-280M – and can be used with any commercial type of PV module needing only parameters in the datasheet. The absolute error of the model’s simulation results is compared to the actual results collected from sites in Egypt, aiming to investigate the effectiveness of the suggested approach.
Preserving grid stability, especially during voltage sags is one of the major difficulties confronting the implementation of these technologies. This attribute is referred to Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT). To overcome this issue, the adoption of Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers, a control system standard, is proving to be an efficient solution. This work provides a unique algorithm-based approach of the Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA) for optimized tuning of the used PI controllers, mainly focusing on inverter control, for the purpose of improving the LVRT of the grid leading to improvement in the overshoot, undershoot, settling time and steady state response of the system. The optimization of the fitness function is done using the MPA to determine the settings of the PI controller. This process helps in designing the controllers in the optimal way. The proposed approach is compared with rival standard optimization-based PI controllers, namely GWO (Grey Wolf Optimization) and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) to test its validity. The comparison shows that the used algorithm gives better results with better convergence rate.