الفهرس 
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Abstract
Microbial strains that cause wound infections have become multidrug-resistant. As an alternative to conventional antibiotics, nanoparticles (NPs) have become more utilized generally to attack bacteria. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have attracted much attention. The secondary metabolic extract from Escherichia coli was used in this study to biologically synthesize three distinct quantities of ZnO-NPs, which were then assessed for their effectiveness against bacterial and fungal infection. The biofabricated ZnO-NPs were fully characterized in terms of particle shape, morphology, and stability against aggregation. Depending on the concentration of the utilized zinc salt, three different samples were fabricated biologically, nominated as ZnO-NPs-1, ZnO-NPs-2, and ZnO-NPs-3. ZnO-NPs have Uv-vis absorption peaks at 352 nm with an average particle size of 79.19, 79.83 and 91.57 nm for the three prepared samples (ZnO-NPs-1, ZnO-NPs-2, and ZnO-NPs-3), respectively, and exhibited zeta potential values around -34.3, -33.7, and -33.4 mV, respectively, which all demonstrating the preparation of ZnO-NPs. Energy dispersive X-ray confirmed the successful formation of ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NP-3 showed superior antimicrobial potential against selected skin infectious microbes. The measured MIC values of ZnO-NPs-3 against P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, R. oryzae, and A. niger were 10 ± 0.14, 15 ± 0.06, 30 ± 0.21, 20 ± 0.43, 30 ± 0.12, and 35 ± 0.38 mg/L, respectively, while MBC/MFC values were 15 ± 0.54, 20 ± 0.24, 35 ± 0.18, 25 ± 0.37, 35 ± 0.82, and 40 ± 0.60 mg/L, respectively.