الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was carried out as pots experiment at greenhouse of Soil
Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University, Shebin
Elkom, Egypt during winter growing season of 2020/2021. This study
was done to study the effect of compost and sulphur compost as organic
manures on the chemical properties and nutrients content of salt affected
soil and its productivity of wheat plant (Triticum aestivum, Giza 12) as
well as its content of some macro and micronutrients.
In this study, animal and plant residues composts mixed with
elemental sulphur (S) at mixed rates of 0, 1, 2 and 3 % (CS0, CS1, CS2
and CS3) were prepared and at matarity time (60 days) analyzed for some
chemical properties and their content of available macro and
micronutrients.
The used four compost types were added to the salt affected soil at
application rates of 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 %. Therefore the experimental
treatments were arranged within the experimental units in two way
completely ranomized design in four replicates.
Grains wheat (Triticum aestivum, Giza 12) were planted at 15
Novomber 2020, irrigated and fertilized according to recomidations of
Egyptian Agriculture Minstry .After 150 days of planting (maturiry stage)
,the plants of each experimental unit were harvested above the soil
surface. Then straw, grains and biological yields were recorded. Straw
and grains content and uptake of N, P, K, S, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu were
determined.
At the same time at plant harvesting, soil sample was taken from
each experimental unit and analyzed for its pH, EC, OM, exchangeable
cations, ESP, CEC and the content of available N, P, K, S, Fe, Mn, Zn
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and Cu as well as its content of S forms (total, soluble, available and
organic). All data were statically analyzed.
The obtained data may be sumerized as follows:
A. compost properties
Compost pH was decreased with the increase mixed S, where its
ranged from 7.52 in CS0 to 7.29 in CS3.
Compost EC (dSm-1) was increased with the increase of mixed S,
where its ranged between 1.86 dSm-1 in CS0 and 2.13 dSm-1 in
CS3
Total content (%) of N was increased with the increase of added S,
where it’s ranged between 1.20 % in CS0 and 1.70 % in CS3.
Compost contents of OM and OC as well as C/N ratios were
decreased with the increase of added S where their ranged between
43.15 %, 28.78 % and 23.93 in CS0 to 42.65 %, 27.17 % and 15.98
in CS3, respectively.
With increase in mixed S with compost resulted in an increase of
compost content of total P, K and S, where these contents ranged
from 705, 2010 and 210 mgkg-1 in the compost untreated by S, to
813, 2185 and 2895 in compost treated by 3 % S, respectively.
Increasing rate of added S to the compost resulted in an increase in
the compost content of available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu from 410, 499,
55.5 and 18.5 mgkg-1 in CS0 to 640, 585, 70.8 and 27.4 mgkg-1,
respectively.
B. Soil chemical properties
Increasing in both S mixed with compost and its application rate to
the soil resulted in a significant decrease of soil pH .With CS0
treatment, soil pH was decreased from 8.81 with 0.5 % application
rate to 8.70 with rate of 2 % recorded RC value of -1.69. Also, with
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72
2 % added compost soil pH decreased from 8.65 with CS1
application to 8.52 with CS3 treatment.
There are a significant decrease in soil ES as a result of compost
application increase as well as its content of S therefore EC in the
soil treated by CS0 were 6.27 and 6.05 dSm-1 at application rate of
0.5 and 2.0 %, respectively. Also at 2 % of added compost, soil EC
were 5.80 and 5.50 dSm-1 with the treatments of CS1 and CS3,
respectively.
Soil content of OM increased significantly as a result from increase
in both added rate of compost and its mixed rate of S. For example,
the content of OM in the soil manured by 0.5 and 2.0 % of CS0
were 1.33 and 1.48 %, respectively. Also, these contents were 1.50
and 1.70 % in the soil treated by 2 % CS1 and CS3, respectively.
Cation exchange capacity ’’CEC’’ (cmol kg-1) appeared asignificant
increases with high application rate (2 %) of added compost and
these increases in the soil treated by compost had 3 % S. For
example, CEC values were 38.6 and 39.50 cmol kg-1 with 0.5 and 2
% application rate of CS0, respectively and also, these values were
39.50 and 40.54 cmol kg-1 in the soil treated by 2 % CS1 and CS3,
respectively.
Increasing rate of added compost and its content of S resulted in an
increase of exchangeable K, Ca and Mg, while Exchangeable Na
and ESP were decreased. For example, exchangeable Na decreased
from 8.18 to 7.62 cmol kg-1 with the increase rate of added CS0
from 0.5 to 2.0 %, and also its decreased from 7.43 to 6.93 cmol
kg-1 with 2 % CS1 and CS3, respectively. Increasing application
rate of added CS0 from 0.5 to 2.0 % resulted in an increase of
exchangeable K, Ca, Mg as well as ESP from 15.66, 8.71 and 6.05
cmol kg-1 to 16.62, 8.95 and 6.32 cmol kg-1, respectively. Also,
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73
increasing S mixed with compost resulted in more decrease of
exchangeable Na as well as soil ESP and more increase of
exchangeable K, Ca and Mg. For example, at 2 % application rate
of CS1 and CS3, exchangeable Na was 7.49 and 6.55 cmol kg-1,
respectively.
Also, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg and ESP at 2 % CS1 were 17.18,
9.27, 6.33 cmol kg-1 and 18.60 and were 17.90, 10.65, 6.60 cmol
kg-1 and 16.50 with 2 % CS3, respectively.
Soil content of available N, P and K significantly affected by
added rate of sulphur compost as well as its content of S the
contents of available N, P and K in the soil manured by CS0
increased from 64.50, 6.22 and 760 mgkg-1 to 66.80, 7.25 and 850
mgkg-1 at its application rates of 0.5 and 2.0, respectively. Also,
these contents were 67.65, 7.60 and 845 mgkg-1 with 2 % CS1 and
were 71.50, 8.55 and 982 mgkg-1 at 2 % CS2, respectively.
Generally, increasing rate of added compost especially with that
contain S resulted in a significant increase in salt affected soil
content of soluble, available and organic S. For example, the
contents of soluble, available and organic S in the soil manured by
CS0 were increased from 8.65, 98.60 and 612.75 mgkg-1 to 10.92,
109.55 and 629.53 mgkg-1 at application rates of 0.5 and 2.0 %,
respectively. Also, these contents were increased from 14.15,
132.44 and 654.41 mgkg-1 to 26.33, 176.77 and 781.9 mgkg-1 at 2.0
% application rate of CS1 and CS3, respectively.
As well as, increasing of added compost and content of S resulted
in an increase of saline soil content of available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu.
For example, the contents of available Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the
soil manured by CS0 increased from 7.60, 3.84, 3.15 and 0.35
mgkg-1 to 8.75, 4.40, 4.15 and 0.46 mgkg-1 with application rates of
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74
0.5 and 2.0 %, respectively. Also, these contents with 2.0 % CS1
and CS3 increased from 8.88, 4.92, 4.40 and 0.50 mgkg-1 to 10.63,
5.90, 5.25 and 0.62 mgkg-1, respectively.
C. Straw and grains yield of wheat plant
Straw, grains and biological yields of wheat plants grown on salt
affected soil increased significantly as a resulted of compost
application especially at high application rates and high content of
S. For example, these yields of the plants grown on the soil
manured by CS0 increased from 1.65, 0.92 and 2.45 g pot-1 to 1.85,
1.10 and 2.85 g pot-1 with application rates of 0.5 and 2.0 %,
respectively. As well as these yields from 1.98, 1.27 and 3.25 g pot-
1 with 2 % CS1 to 2.40, 1.86 and 4.26 g pot-1 with 2.0 % CS3,
respectively. Therefore, the highest values of biological index were
found in the plants grown on the soil manured by 2.0 % compost
with mixed S ratio of 3.0 %.
Generelly, the rate effect of sulphur compost treatment on the
found yields of straw and grains may be cleared by using biological
index which ranged between 36 and 45 %, where these values
reveals high positive effect of added compost on grains yield
compared with that found with straw yield.
D. Nutrients content of wheat plant
Straw content (% and mg pot-1) of N, P, K and S were increased as
a result of compost application, S and these increases were more
higher with sulphur compost. For example, with CS0 applications,
straw contents of N, P, K and S were increased from 0.48, 0.22,
0.52 and 0.38 % to 0.61, 0.32, 0.70 and 0.45 % with increase rate
from 0.5 to 2.0 %, respectively. Also, these contents increased
from 0.66, 0.36, 0.76 and 0.52 % to 0.78, 0.43, 0.85 and 0.72 %
with CS1 and CS3 at application rate of 2.0 %.
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Similar increases of N, P, K and S contents in the grains were
found as a result of increase of added compost and its content of S.
For example, with CS0 applications grains content of N, P, K and S
were increased from 1.28, 0.31, 1.83 and 0.61 % to 1.40, 0.42, 2.05
and 0.70 % with the increase rate from 0.5 to 2.0 %, respectively.
Also, the contents of these nutrients with 2.0 % CS1 treatment
were 1.46, 0.43, 2.15 and 0.80 % and increased to 1.68, 0.56, 2.27
and 1.10 % in the plants treated by 2 % CS3, respectively.
Protein content (%) in the grains was higher than that in the straw
of each plant where this content was increased with the increase
added rate of compost and its content of S. For example, protein
contents in the straw and grains of the wheat plants grown on the
soil treated by CS0 wereincreased from 2.76 and 7.36 % to 3.51
and 7.07 with the increase added compost from 0.5 to 2.0 %,
respectively. As well as these contents were increased from 3.799
and 8.41 % with 2.0 % CS1 to 4.49 and 9.66 % with 2.0 % CS3,
respectively.
Straw of wheat plant contents of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu increased
significantly as a result increase in added compost and its content
of S. For example, in the straw of wheat plants grown on the soil
treated by CS0, the contents of these nutrients increased from 48.5,
15.96, 14.80 and 4.42 mgkg-1 at added rate of 0.5 % to 51.1, 16.67,
15.50 and 4.80 at 2.0 % application rate, respectively.
As well as the contents of these nutrients increased from 52.20,
16.90, 15.80 and 4.90 mgkg-1 to 53.50, 17.25, 16.15 and 5.22
mgkg-1 with 2.0 % CS1 and CS3, respectively.
In addition, grains content of wheat plants content of Fe, Mn, Zn
and Cu increased significantly with the increase of added compost
and its content of S. For example, the content of these nutrients in
the grains of wheat plants grown on the soil treated by CS0 ranged
from 131.1, 25.95, 22.60 and 10.80 mgkg-1 with 0.5 % added rate
to 134.9, 27.47, 23.40 and 11.9 mgkg-1 with 2.0 % application rate,
respectively. Also, the content of these nutrients in the grains
increased from 135.5, 28.15, 23.75 and 11.87 mgkg-1 to 137.1,
29.37, 25.85 and 12.80 mgkg-1 at 2.0 % of CS1 and CS3,
respectively.