الفهرس 
PHARMACOLOGY OF DEXMEDETOMIDINEOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Many drugs such as opioids (morphine, fentanyl, and sufentanil), α2 adrenergic agonists (DEX and clonidine), magnesium sulfate, neostigmine, ketamine, and midazolam can be used as adjuvants to intrathecal local anesthetics to improve the quality of spinal anesthesia.
Our study aimed to compare the efficacy of adding DEX versus fentanyl to bupivacaine in unilateral spinal anesthesia in lower limb orthopedic surgery regarding the duration of postoperative analgesia, total postoperative nalbuphine consumption, hemodynamic changes, and potential postoperative adverse effects.
Fifty four adult Patients were enrolled in the study who fulfilled all the points in the inclusion criteria and randomized into 2 equal groups, each consisting of 27 patients, namely group D(DEX group) and F (fentanyl group).
The study showed that the time to rescue analgesia was longer in group D than group F, also the total dose of nalbuphine required for postoperative pain and the frequency of its requirement was significantly less in the group D. Also, VAS scores estimated during the 1st 24 hours postoperatively were less in group D.
In our study hemodynamic data including MBP and HR were a little bit lower in group D than in group F but yet there was no statistical significance between both groups.
According to block characteristics, our results showed that there was no statistical significance between both groups as regards the highest sensory level, the time taken to reach Bromage III in the side blocked and the time taken to reach the highest sensory level. But as regards time to two-segment regression, time for sensory regression to S1 and time to regression to Bromage 0 in the side blocked were longer in group D than group F, and these differences were highly significant.