الفهرس 
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Abstract
The heart has four chambers: the right and left atria and right and left ventricles. The heart also has valves that help with blood circulation, the mitral and tricuspid valves are called “atrioventricular”. The name of the mitral valve derives from the liturgical headgear (miter) of the Catholic/Christian tradition. The mitral valve also called bicuspid valve, is located between the left atrium and left ventricle and is composed of the mitral annulus, papillary muscles, anterior leaflet, and posterior leaflet and chordae tendineae,
Rheumatic heart disease has long been considered the leading cause of primary valve lesions. However, its incidence has dramatically declined over the past five decades as degenerative valve disease has become more prevalent owing to aging of the population.
The chorda of the mitral valve is inserted either into the free edge or into the rough zone on the ventricular surface of the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets. The chorda of the anterior leaflet is inserted on either side of a central clear zone. Also, there are two papillary muscles antero-lateral and postero-medial and each of these gives chordae to both the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets.
The aim of mitral valve surgery is to provide a competent, non-obstructed valve without compromising the left ventricular (LV) function. As the awareness of the hazardous effects of the loss of annulo-ventricular continuity has increased, chordal preservation is now a standard procedure during MVR