الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim of the Study was to assess the effect of Ultrasound guided versus conventional arthrocentesis in treatment of temporomandibular joint internal derangement.
The study included 16 female patients with temporomandibular joint internal derangement who did not respond to conservative treatment. The patients were divided into two groups: a control group that underwent traditional arthrocentesis and a study group that underwent ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis. Various parameters were assessed in each patient, including inter-incisal opening (assisted and non-assisted), lateral excursions, visual analog scale (VAS) for TMJ pain, number of needle insertions, and operation time. Follow-up evaluations were conducted at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively.
There were no significant differences between the control and study groups in these outcomes. However, both techniques were effective in improving mouth opening, lateral excursions, and pain compared to pre-operative measurements. The complication rate was similar between the groups, with intraoperative bleeding occurring once in each group and successfully controlled.
Overall, this study supports the effectiveness of both ultrasound-guided and conventional arthrocentesis for treating TMJ internal derangement. However, further research is needed to clarify the role of ultrasound in improving procedural and treatment outcomes for TMJ disorders.
Recommendations:
1. Further research is needed with increasing the sample size to evaluate the learning curve for efficiently using ultrasound for arthrocentesis guidance.
2. Comparing different types of transducers is recommended to obtain optimal visualization of the joint.
3. Investigating the ability to use doppler flowmetry during ultrasound guidance to identify vascular structures in the field to minimize the risk of intraoperative bleeding.