الفهرس 
Chapter One : IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
International trade has distributional consequences both within and across societies. It has increased dramatically in recent decades, which enhances the importance of determining the relationship between trade and its distributional effect to help policymakers to balance this relationship. This research explores a long- and short-run relationship and the causality between foreign trade policies and income distribution in Egypt. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to co-integration is applied for the long-run relationship. The Error Correction Model (ECM) is applied for the short-run relationship. Theoretically justified variables relevant to the Egyptian economy will be included in the model. These variables are income inequality ”IE,” trade openness” TR,” foreign direct investment net inflow ”FDI,” per capita gross domestic product ”PCGDP,” and official exchange rate ”OEXR.” The results indicate that there is a co-integration relationship between the variables used in the study and that trade pushes inequality upward with high significance. On the other hand, foreign direct investment helps in reducing income inequality in the long run. Economic growth is proved to be the main determinant of inequality in income distribution. The depreciation of the official exchange rate worsens income distribution in the long run. The results of the short-run analysis support the results of the long-run analysis; foreign trade, per capita growth, and official exchange rate significantly contribute to widening income inequality in the short run. In contrast, foreign direct investment significantly contributes to decreasing income inequality in the short run. This research suggests a focus on FDI, exports from small and middle firms, and education in order to have an equalizing effect of foreign trade policies on income distribution.
Keywords: Egypt, Trade policy, Income distribution, ARDL, Causality.