الفهرس 
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Abstract
Sleep is considered to be one of the crucial elements associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). The association between sleep deprivation and temporomandibular disorder (TMD) has been extensively investigated in numerous studies. However, it is worth noting that the majority of these studies primarily consist of epidemiological reports, clinical observations, and questionnaire-based reviews. While these studies provide valuable insights, there is a lack of well-controlled animal research specifically examining the potential of chronic sleep deprivation (CSD) to directly induce pathological effects on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissues. Furthermore, there is a dearth of comparative research exploring the impact of sleep deprivation on the TMJ in relation to other joints.
The primary objective of this study was to assess the inflammatory and pathological impacts of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tissues in comparison to the knee joint. The investigation was conducted on two groups of rats: a control group and a group treated to cortical spreading depression (CSD) induced by the use of multi-modal pain management (MMPM).
The study evaluated specific inflammatory mediators and histological characteristics of (TMJ) and knee joint. The results indicated a substantial increase in these factors in the chronic systemic disease (CSD) group compared to the control group.In relation to the comparative analysis of (TMJ) and the knee joint, it is important to examine their respective anatomical structures, functional characteristics, and potential pathologies.
Upon examining the comparison between (TMJ) and the knee joint in relation to their respective outcomes and the calculation of the change rate for each mediator of inflammation, the findings revealed that the TMJ was impacted by an elevated change rate of the inflammatory mediator TNF. This increase subsequently resulted in tissue destruction within the TMJ. Furthermore, it was observed that the change rate of the Bk mediator was higher in the CSD group compared to the CRL group in the knee joint. Consequently, assume a position on elevated structures situated inside bodies of water.
Evident histological alterations were identified in the condylar surface of the CSD group, while such alterations were clearly apparent in (TMJ).
The findings of this study suggest that (CSD) has a significant impact on both the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and the knee joint. These findings have important implications for the diagnosis and management of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and should be duly considered.