الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background: Nanoparticles have novel properties, and thus, can offer great possibilities for the environment and human diseases. Some toxicological studies clarified that small-sized GNPs have harmful effects on the health of humans and living species in the environment. It has been reported that exposure to smaller sized GNPs produced more inflammatory and cytotoxic reactions when compared with exposure to larger sized GNPs of same mass concentration due to their highly reactive role, surface area, and number of NPs within the biological tissues.
The nanoparticles can interact with the biological system and had negative consequences. One of these negative impacts might be a disruption in the normal balance of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense indices, which can lead to a variety of pathogenic repercussions. Oxidative stress has been recognized as a potential mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as pharmaceutical and drug delivery tools exhibited harmful effects on human health and other living species. Quercetin reveals various pharmacological effects specially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic ones.