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Abstract
Background: End stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis has been associated with accelerated vascular disease and premature atherosclerosis of the cerebral circulation due to uremic toxins and augmentation of traditional risk factors of atherosclerosis. Also, anemia of chronic renal failure increases cerebral oxygen extraction fraction in hemodialysis patients, and the increased oxygen extraction fraction suggests that the cerebral vasodilatory capacity might be impaired in these patients. Objective: In this study we evaluate the effect of correction of anaemia on cerebral blood flow by measuring the mean blood flow velocity, resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) in the middle cerebral artery of twenty ESRD patients with anemia by transcranial doppler ultrasound and remeasuring it after correction of anemia in relation to cognitive functions. Conclusion: The optimal hemoglobin for hemodialysis patients range from 11.5 g/dL to less than or equal 12.5 g/dL which associated with better improvement of cognitive function and cerebral circulation investigated by transcranial doppler ultrasound for middle cerebral artery