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Abstract Background: Pain is one of the most common experiences and stressors in critically ill patients and has been defined as the fifth vital sign due to its importance in nursing practice. Lack of Nurses’ knowledge and in appropriate practices are major contributing factors in improper management of pain. Aim of the study: to assess critical care nurses{u201F} knowledge & practices regarding pain assessment and management. Conclusion: critical care nurses knowledge and practices regarding pain assessment and management need to be improved. Moreover, Reported barriers have to be handled. Recommendations: Enrichment of Cairo university critical care nurse’s knowledge and practices in relation to pain assessment and management, In addition to handling of related barriers would be of great value for improvement of care provided to such group of patient’s. Replication of this study on a larger probability sample from different geographical areas in Egypt is highly recommended |