الفهرس 
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Abstract
A malunion is a fractured bone that has healed in a non-anatomical position[1]. Malunions following malleolar fractures, have an incidence ranging from 5 to 68% [2].Malunions of the ankle joint are caused by misjudged fracture instability and therefore inadequate fixation, inappropriate surgical technique, inaccurate reduction, and/or secondary dislocation of fracture fragments. This applies to both surgical and nonsurgical fracture treatment [3].Clinically, malunions lead to joint instability, arthritic changes, poor muscular performance, and in high-demand patients, symptoms such as pain, swelling, and functional impairment are present in various degrees. In these cases, correction of the malunion may be indicated. The patient’s age, occupation, and range of motion have to be evaluated when considering surgery [3].Arthritic changes may be severe already after several months or may be minimal even after 2 or 3 years [4]. Lateral displacement of the talus by only 1 mm will produce a 42% reduction in the area of tibiotalar contact, thereby increasing the stress on the articular cartilage [59].
The radiological diagnosis can be achieved by plain radiographs of the ankle where three characteristic radiological abnormalities have been described:
1, a joint space of which the line of the tibial plafond and the line of the surface of the talar dome are no longer strictly parallel;
2, a broken ‘Shenton’s line of the ankle