الفهرس 
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Abstract
SUMMARY
he current study was conducted to compare between the
possible protective and therapeutic role of probiotics on the
microscopic structure of the kidney in a model of cisplatininduced
nephrotoxicity (Acute kidney injury).
Thirty-five adult male albino rats with an average weight of
200-220 gm were used in this study. They were classified into
four groups:
group I (control group): (20 rats), these rats were
subdivided into four subgroups, five rats each.
Subgroup IA: Rats received water and food ad-libitum.
Subgroup IB: Rats received 1 ml saline daily by oral
gavage for seven successive days. from the fifth day, rats were
given intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 ml saline for three
successive days.
Subgroup IC: Rats received probiotic L. plantarum by
oral gavage at a dose of 1mL/day for seven days. from the fifth
day, rats were given intraperitoneal injections of 0.5 ml saline for
three successive days.
Subgroup ID: Rats received intraperitoneal injections of
0.5 ml saline for three successive days. Then from the fourth day,
rats were given probiotic L. plantarum at a dose of 1mL/day by
oral gavage for 14 days.
group II (Cisplatin group): (n=5) The rats received 1 ml
saline daily by oral gavage for seven days. from the fifth day, rats
T
Summary
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were given intraperitoneal injections of CP (7.5 mg/kg) for three
successive days (0.5 mg each day).
group III (protective group): (n=5) the rats received 1
mL of probiotic L. plantarum orally for 7 days. from the fifth
day, the rats received intraperitoneal injections of CP (7.5mg/kg)
for 3 days.
group IV (Therapeutic group): (n=5) the rats received
intraperitoneal injections of CP (7.5mg/kg) for 3 days. from the
fourth day, the rats received probiotic L. plantarum orally at a
dose of (1 mL/day) for 14 days. The concentration of probiotics
in group III and group IV was 109 Colony forming units
(CFU)/mL/100 g of body weight.
Subgroups 1A, IB, IC, group II, and group III were
sacrificed on the eighth day of the experiment. Subgroup ID and
group IV were sacrificed on the eighteenth day of the experiment.
Rats were sacrificed after ether inhalation anesthesia and
both kidneys were dissected. The bodies of the dead animals were
disposed of by incinerator.
The kidneys were processed for the following histological
techniques:
1. Haematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E).
2. Periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS).
3. Masson′s trichrome stain.
4. Immune-histochemical staining with Caspase-3.
Summary
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5. Morphometric and statistical measurements.
Examination of the H&E-stained sections of group II
(Cisplatin group) showed marked total affection of the renal
cortex. Most of the glomeruli appeared shrunken with pyknotic
nuclei. Renal tubules showed variable forms of affection. Some
tubules showed sloughing of their epithelial lining leaving a
denuded surface. Some tubules were distorted with pyknotic
shrunken deeply stained nuclei. Others showed homogenous
acidophilic material in their lumina. Hemorrhage, congestion, and
cellular infiltration were also seen in the renal interstitium.
Most of the H&E-stained sections of group Ш showed
marked protection of the renal tissue in which the kidney
structure appeared nearly comparable to that of the control group.
On the other hand, Most of the H&E-stained sections of
group IV showed minimal improvement in comparison to group
III in which some glomeruli and tubules appeared nearly
comparable to that of the control group, while some glomeruli
were shrunken, many renal tubules showed cytoplasmic
vacuolization and the renal interstitium still showed cellular
infiltration in some areas.
The PAS-stained sections of group II showed a significant
increase in PAS-positive reaction in the basement membranes of
parietal layer of Bowman’s capsule and most renal tubules. Loss
of the PAS-positive apical brush borders of most of the PCTs was
also seen compared to that of the control group.
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PAS-stained sections of group Ш showed a significant
decrease in the basement membrane thickness of parietal layer of
Bowman’s capsule and most renal tubules compared to group II,
which was nearly comparable to that of the control group. There
was also a noticeable increase in PAS-positive reaction in the
apical brush borders of PCTs compared to group II, which was
nearly comparable to that of the control group.
PAS-stained sections of group IV showed a significant
decrease in the basement membrane thickness of parietal layer of
Bowman ′s capsule and some renal tubules compared to group Ⅱ
and there was an apparent decrease in PAS-positive reaction in
apical brush borders of PCTs compared to group III.
Masson′s trichrome stained sections of group II revealed
that there was a significant increase in collagen fibers in between
glomerular capillaries, around renal corpuscles and around
distorted renal tubules when compared to the control group in
which it showed minimal collagen fibers in between tubules.
However, there was a significant decrease in collagen fibers in
group III compared to group II. There was a significant increase
in collagen fibers in group IV compared to group III.
Immunostaining with Caspase 3 sections in group II
showed an increase in the cytoplasmic and nuclear reaction to
Caspase-3 antibodies within the renal glomeruli and renal tubular
cells respectively when compared to the control group, on the
other hand, there was a significant decrease in Caspase 3 positive
cytoplasmic and nuclear reactions in group III compared to
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group II. There is a significant increase in cytoplasmic reactions
to Caspase-3 antibodies within most of renal tubular cells in
group IV in comparison to group III while the nuclear reactions
were negative in both glomeruli and tubules.