الفهرس 
Title : Using lean methodology to improvement patient safety by reducing medication errors in a private hospital
AbstractOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Through theoretical background and questions of study’s problem, researcher formulate two main hypothesis, to evaluate the relationship between lean methodology and patient safety by reducing medication errors in a private hospital. The researcher then conducted and developed a questionnaire and distributed (75) survey forms to collect data from the patient before and after improvement by implementing lean methodology and based on a number of statistical methods, analyze of data and test of hypothesis were done. The study found the following results:
1) Results of evaluation of the study variables before improvement proved that:
Employee’s perceptions for the independent variable (Lean Methodology) and it four dimensions (Work Space Organization (5S), Continuous Improvement, Time Management (JIT), Visual Management) and the dependent variable (patient safety) and its three dimensions (errors related to treatment, errors related Pharmacy, errors related Doctor’s mistakes) before improvement all are moderate and less than the expected value proposed by the researcher (4).
These results gave indication that the awareness of employees is not sufficient to implement (Lean Methodology) in the private hospital and they need intensive training course. But before implementing this training course the researcher must measure the variance between employees by testing the first main hypothesis.
2) The results of the tests for the first main hypothesis before improvement proved that:
Its validity, as there are no significant differences between employees of private hospital in their perception of the independent variable (lean methodology) before improvement according to (gender, age, job, and experience).
A program was implemented with intensive training for employees, based on the scientific material mentioned in the second and third chapters. The training lasted for three months from (August, September, and October 2021). The hospital sites were also equipped with devices and equipment for the (lean methodology) system and the training of employees on these devices and equipment were done such that employees are ready and able to apply the (lean methodology) in the private hospital and make the required improvement.
This was followed by distributing the questionnaire again to the same sample and measuring each of the perceived values of the employees for the independent variable and its four dimensions and the dependent variable.
3) Results of evaluation of the study variables after improvement proved that:
Employee’s perceptions for the independent variable (Lean Methodology) and it four dimensions (Work Space Organization (5S), Continuous Improvement, Time Management (JIT), Visual Management) and the dependent variable (patient safety) and its three dimensions (errors related to treatment, errors related Pharmacy, errors related Doctor’s mistakes) after improvement all are high and greater than the expected value proposed by the researcher (4).
These results gave indication about the correctness of the second main hypotheses and its four sub emanating sub hypotheses.
4) The results of the tests for the second main hypothesis, which states that “there is a significant relationship between the four dimensions (Work Space Organization (5S), Continuous Improvement, Time Management (JIT), Visual Management) of the independent variable (lean methodology) and the achievement of patient safety in the private hospital, it was proven correct by the following:
Calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient matrix between the dependent variable (competitive advantage) and the independent variable (intellectual capital) and its four dimensions (attracting intellectual capital, making intellectual capital, activating, intellectual capital, preserving intellectual capital) in the field sample after development
Calculating Spearman’s correlation coefficients matrix between the independent variable (Lean Methodology) and its four dimensions (Work Space Organization (5S), Continuous Improvement, Time Management (JIT), Visual Management) and the dependent variable (patient safety) and its three dimensions (errors related to treatment, errors related Pharmacy, errors related Doctor’s mistakes) in the sample. It has been proven that there is a direct correlation between them and a statistically significant at the level of significance (0.05), and this initially proves that the second main