الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare double antibiotic paste (DAP) and clindamycin modified triple antibiotic paste (CLIN-mTAP) in the regular & nanoforms in different concentrations regarding their antibacterial potential and cytotoxicity.
Eighty-five permanent mature single-rooted teeth with a straight single canal were selected to be used in this study (7 for each intracanal medicament and 7 for the control) to assess the antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis after 7 days using the colony-forming unit assay.
The cytotoxicity was evaluated against human fibroblast cells using the MTT assay method at two different times (24hr and 48hr).
Data were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results:
The antibacterial effect of all nano intracanal medicaments was higher than their counterparts.
The higher the concentration, the higher the antibacterial effect (1>0.1mg/ml). while it showed no significant difference regarding the antibacterial effect of Nano CL-mTAP.
All intracanal medicaments were cytotoxic when in full concentration but when diluted their cytotoxic effect decreased.
As time passes, the cytotoxic effect of higher concentration increased in all groups except for Nano DAP and Regular TAP groups which showed no statistically significant effect on it.
Observation time showed no statistically significant effect on medication cytotoxicity of all groups.
The nano form of intracanal medicaments showed a higher cytotoxic effect than their regular forms.
Conclusions:
Under the conditions of the present study, it can be concluded that:
• Nano intracanal medicaments are more effective against Enterococcus faecalis than their regular counterparts.
• The regular forms of intracanal medicaments have a less cytotoxic effect on fibroblast cells.
• Higher concentrations of 1 mg/ml are more effective against Enterococcus faecalis than lower concentrations of 0.1mg/ml but were more cytotoxic.
• None of the represented antibacterial agents was able to completely disinfect the root canal.
Recommendations
• Further studies can be performed in vivo to compare these results and apply it clinically.
• More research should be conducted to evaluate these medications in endodontic regenerations procedure and their physical properties of it and their effect on tooth structure.
• Evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis via confocal laser scanning microscopy is recommended for a better antibacterial potential evaluation.
• Evaluation of the cytotoxicity with more than one test is recommended.