الفهرس 
tITLE : Effect of metformin for treatment of hyperandrogenism in girls with type 1 diabetes
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Abstract
Background: Hyperandrogenism with or without polycystic ovarian syndrome is seen in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), especially those with suboptimal control. Objective: To assess the effect of metformin on hyperandrogenism and ovarian function in adolescents with T1D. Methodology: It was a prospective study conducted in the outpatient clinic of diabetic endocrine metabolic pediatric unit (DEMPU), children hospital, Cairo university where 28 T1D females following at the diabetes outpatient clinic showing signs of hyperandrogenism were included in the study. History taking (detailed disease history as well as menstrual history) and anthropometric measures (weight, height, BMI, waist and hip circumference) were initially performed, then the patients were assessed for the manifestations of hyperandrogenism (acne, hirsutism as well as pelvic U/S for ovarian morphology). Biochemical evaluation for ovulation (progesterone assessment during the luteal phase), sex steroids (estradiol, testosterone, DHEAS, androstenedione), prolactin, glycemic control (HbA1c) and gonadotropin levels (FSH, LH) was done. Patients weresubjected to 500 mg metformin twice daily orally for one year, then patients were re-evaluated regarding clinical and biochemical parameters (only 24 patients completed the study). Results: Study included 28 girls with mean age of 15.62 yrs and mean diabetes duration of 5.75 yrs. Acne was found in 21 (75%) of them, hirsutism score (using ferriman-gallway score) ranged from 9 to 29 with a mean of 16.5 and 84.6% of them had polycystic ovarian morphology by ultrasound examination