الفهرس 
MISWAK VERSUS STANDARD MEASURES TO PREVENT THE INCIDENCE OF CARIES IN YOUNG EGYPTIAN ADULTS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
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Abstract
Aim: The objective of this randomized controlled clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of
miswak in comparison with standard caries preventive measures for the prevention of new carious
lesions in high caries risk patients.
Materials and Methods: Dental students aged 18-25 years from 6 October University, Cairo;
Egypt were invited for participation. Sample size calculation was performed using Power and
Sample Size Calculation (PS) Software Version 3.1.2 (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee,
USA). 26 participants were recruited per group with high caries risk. This was determined in terms
of presence of active lesions in the last 6 months, type and frequency of cariogenic diet and number
of restorations using the caries risk assessment form suggested by Featherstone et al 2007. The
forms were filled by the examiner for each recruited patient and the DMF score (Decayed, Missed
and filled teeth) was recorded. Diet type and frequency and plaque index were recorded at base line
data before patient allocation and after one year. As the degree of dental awareness is very crucial
for the clinical outcome of this study a pre-trial survey was distributed to the participants to
determine their dental awareness. Participants’ awareness and education about oral hygiene
measures and dietary effects were performed and participants were randomized into one control
group and two intervention groups. The control group (group A1) used the standard oral hygiene
measures (tooth brush, tooth paste, dental floss mouth rinse and mouthwash). (group A2) used
Miswak only whereas (group A3) used Miswak plus toothbrush and toothpaste. Post-trial survey
was then performed to check the acceptability and feedback for the corresponding preventive
protocol prescribed. Data were statistically described in terms of frequencies (number of cases) and
compared using Chi- square (
2
) test. Exact test was used when the expected frequency is less than
5. Two-sided p values less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant