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Abstract
Most of the medicinal effects of garlic could be due to sulfur compounds. This study was conducted in the plant tissue culture laboratory of tissue culture and phytochemistry departments of applied research center of medicinal plants (ARCMP) affiliated to the national organization for drug control and research (NODCAR), during the period of 2012-2014. Root tips and stem segments were isolated from balady and Chinese cvs of garlic and cultured on callus induction murashige and skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of 2, 4-D, NAA, BA and Kin. Callus weight, length and width were recorded after two months. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to study organic sulphur compounds present in extracts of bulb and callus that were obtained from both cultivars. The heaviest callus weight average after 2 months (4.55 g) was recorded from Balady cv. produced from stem in a medium supplemented by 2 mg/l 2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) +0.5 mg/l kinitin. Diallyl sulfide was obtained only from in vitro of both balady and chinese cultivars callus. In vitro grown balady and chinese cvs. callus showed the highest diallyl disulphide production in comparison to balady and chinese cultivars bulb. The highest percentage of disulfide di-2 propenyl and 2-vinyl-[4H]-1,3-dithiin was obtained from the chinese cv. bulb, while the highest percentage of trisulfide, methyl-2-propenyl and trisulfide, di-2-propeny was obtained from Balady cv. bulb