الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There was a netherworldly equivalent to Busiris, where Andjety and Osiris were worshipped. Djedu and mystery certainly went hand in hand in this connection. Osiris’ situation necessitated absolute concealment. As a result, in Busiris, we must picture the long and deadly trek to approach Osiris in the heart of the netherworld. The netherworldly Busiris was the region where Osiris’ embalming took place in the afterlife. Every Osiris tomb served as a portal to the underworld. This was especially true of Busiris, Heliopolis, and Abydos, the most hallowed of all the sacred sites. The tomb of Osiris was found in the necropolis ”She Who Harbors Her Lord” in the ”Mysterious Mountain” at Abydos.”
Participation in the festival rites or initiation into the ”mysteries” of the sacred place Busiris during an ancient Egyptian’s lifetime provides opportunities to be of service to the gods in a way that determines the next-worldly fate of the one who does it, as these gods will care for him after death. In the afterlife, those who have served the gods during their lives will see them ”face to face.”
Some of the motifs linked with this idea date back to the Coffin Texts. The ”spells for understanding the spirits of the holy sites” reveal that being initiated into the secrets of the sacred places was of the utmost importance in the afterlife; an initiation that we are likely to assume took place during life. Coffin Texts spell 314 = Book of the Dead chapter 1 is especially pertinent for our text.
Through the study of (44) spells and documents in the ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts associated with Busiris, in which the city’s name was mentioned, we find that Busiris played an important role in religious beliefs and in the funerary rituals. The city of Busiris in the Coffin Texts was always linked to the afterlife, where its role was to contain and embrace the deceased, and in it the deceased found everything he wished for. The study showed that Busiris is the oldest center to establish funeral rites and worship, bein older than Abydos in funeral rites. Busiris was the place where most of the deities met, each in his role.
According to the texts and documents, Busiris is the place of Rostau, offering fields, and jArw fields. The study also showed that the field of Reeds, the field of Hetep, and jArw fields, are all names for the jArw paradise.
In Busiris, burial rites were performed, and the deceased was transformed into Osiris and other deities, according to the events. The texts indicated the existence of a temple for Osiris, and we can conclude that this temple is where the funeral rites took place, such as the ritual of erecting the djed-pillar, and also presenting the sacred eye to its master.
Osiris is an intruder in the city of Busiris, as he is an intruder on the main god who was worshiped in it, then later he merged with the god Andjety and took from him the emblems and also his forms. Soon, the cult of Osiris was concentrated in Busiris until ”Busiris” was associated with the name of Osiris (pr WSJR), and it became one of the most important centers of his cult.
The djed-pillar is one of the most important signs and sacred religious symbols in ancient Egypt, and the rituals of erecting the djed-pillar were held on the night of the trial and the night of burial for the deceased. The spells explained that the ritual of erecting of djed-pillar has a symbolism associated with the resurrection.
The cult of the god Andjety is the oldest worship in Busiris, and it is the oldest in connection with funeral rites. The texts indicated that Busiris is the place of the union of Osiris and Re, and this confirms that Busiris was considered the ”afterlife” in the philosophy of the Coffin Texts, and that this union used to be done in order to complete the night’s journey to the hereafter. The texts made it clear that in Busiris there was the Great Court, and the judgment of the deceased was on the night of the erection of the djed-pillar in the temple of Osiris. The study proved that the god Osiris in Busiris took several titles, the most important of which are (The Bull of West - The Bull of Busiris - The Lord of Busiris).
All the documents that were studied in the (44) spells, explain everything that pertains to the city of Busiris, including rituals, offerings, gods, and buildings. There are many ways and different forms of writing the name of Busiris in the Coffin Texts, and through the study, it became clear that the reason for these variations is the texts space on the Coffin. It also became clear that the scribe sometimes displays his artistic skill, written in a complete way (ideal written form), and also written in an abbreviated form. The sources for all prior spells that include Djedu are El-Barsha, Aswan, Beni Hasan, Gebelein, Lisht, Meir, Thebes, Asiut, Saqqarah, and unknown locations. During the comparisons and analyses of the various forms and styles of Djedu writings, it emerged that the variations of word writing styles are not about the location of the coffin made in, or for, but rather about the available space on the coffin itself that the scribes can control, because each coffin came from different places and belongs to different people.