الفهرس 
TitleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The eye is one of the most complex organs of the human body. The eye is remarkable in how it forms images and in the richness of detail and color it can detect. However, our eyes commonly need some correction, to reach what is called ―normal‖ vision but should be called ideal rather than normal. Image formation by our eyes and common vision correction are easy to analyze with the optics discussed in Geometric Optics. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important ocular parameter. High IOP is the most significant and treatable risk factor for the occurrence and development of glaucoma. Since epidemiologic data are necessary for reasonable screening projects and treatment services, several comprehensive studies of IOP have been conducted in populations and schools. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between intraocular pressure and refractive errors in the human eye.
The study included 109 participants, who were divided into three groups. The Myopia group, the Hypermetropia group, and the Normal group. All participants of the study were referred to an optometrist to examine parts through ophthalmology devices and determine his problem, which included:
1) Examination of fundus and refractive defects with a Retinoscope,
2) Examination of the cornea, its thickness, type, and value of the refractive error by means of a device by Auto Refractometer,
3) Intraocular pressure checks with a device Goldman applanation tonometer,
4) Visual acuity measurement by Snellen chart and Trial case lenses,
5) Describe and determine the appropriate eyeglasses measurements for the patient in the case of owning it, the measurement of its lenses is determined by a device Lens meter.
Multivariable regression models were used to establish the relationship between refractive errors (i.e., Mypoia and Hypermetropia) and participants Sex, Age, and Intraocular Pressure. Our model resulted in 8 mathematical equations for calculating the RE of both the Right and the Eye with great precision.
Conclusion and Recommendations
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7. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Various descriptive and quantitative models have been proposed to account for different aspects of RE development and immortalization. However, these models have not been able to explain the fundamental underlying mechanism of RE development or the dependence of RE on Sex, Age, and IOP. We used multivariable regression analysis to develop models establishing the relationship between RE and Sex, Age, and IOP for both the right and the left eye in an Egyptian population with Myopia, Hypermetropia as well as Normal conditions. Our model resulted in 8 mathematical equations for calculating the RE of both the Right and the Eye with great precision.
All developed equations were statistically significant (p < 0.01), with Regression Coefficient (R) from 0.72 to 0.92 for the Total number of participants, Myopia, Hypermetropia, and Normal groups, respectively. The values of Durbin-Watson statistic were less than 2, indicating a positive autocorrelation in the residuals from a regression analysis for the for the Total number of participants, Myopia, Hypermetropia groups, but not for the Normal group, which was between 2 and 4, indicating negative autocorrelation.
We can summaries the study’s primary strengths as:
Multivariate Regression analysis can describe the RE of both the right and the left eye for the Total number of participants, Myopia, Hypermetropia, and Normal groups.
Developed models achieved high accuracy, as well as ability to deal with different refractive errors.
To improve this model, we highly recommended that:
Increase the sample size Hypermetropia and Normal participants.
Explore non-linear relations for describing the dependance of RE on IOP.
Explore other structural eye parameters affected with IOP for deriving functional relations with different RE.
Throughout all the study subjects involved and divided into three groups Myopia (short sightedness), Hypermetropia (long sightedness), and normal control we conclude that the higher the degree of myopia intraocular pressure (IOP) increases by about a degree within its normal level which is between 10 to 20.