الفهرس 
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Abstract
Skin wound healing is active and complex process that purposes to injured tissue repair to keep homeostasis of body. It includes the interaction of numerous types of cells, growth factors, cytokines, and a balanced pool of metal ions, such as calcium, zinc and magnesium, and development through four phases that overlap in time and space: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. One of the most common complications in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is wound healing alteration. During the progress of nanotechnology, more and more novel nanomaterials will be established and applied in medical treatment, which will encourage the progress of recent medicine, bring advancing new ideas, and make new contributions to the prevention and treatment of diseases.
High surface to-volume ratio of nanoparticles increases the probability of interaction with their biological target, and offer enhanced penetration into wounds, perfect for topical drug delivery. Moreover, nanoparticles permit previously undeliverable medications to be encapsulated and released in a continued way, and by changing nanoparticle composition release rate can be conveniently controlled.
Nano TiO2 has also drawn a considerable attention in the recent years. Considerable attention in the field of biomedical engineering have been attracted to TiO2NPs based nanostructured biomaterials, mainly tissue engineering of bone, Nano TiO2 bone scaffold, biosensors and manufacturing of vascular implants.
Similarly, relieving pain and appropriate healing of wounds were found to be effective using Infra-red radiation.
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of titanium oxide nanoparticles on wound healing under exposure of infrared radiation.
Fifty male albino rats, weighing 200-250 g, were gotten from the house of animal, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt. The animals were allowed to acclimatize for 2 weeks before an experiment. Animals were divided randomly into two main groups as following:
group (I) Diabetic free served as control group (10 rats) injected with citrate buffer.
group (II) Experimental group (40 diabetic induced rats), this group was divided into the following subgroups:
IIa- Experimental group (10 rats), their open wounds left without treatment.
IIb- Experimental group (10 rats), their open wounds treated with TiO2NPs with administrated dose.
IIc Experimental group (10 rats), their open wounds exposed to IR.
IId Experimental group (10 rats), their open wounds treated with TiO2NPs with administrated dose and exposed to IR.
The results of the present study revealed that treatment of diabetic wounds using TiO2NPs and IR radiation stimulate the healing of wounds in diabetic rats effectively than the diabetic wounds without treatment.
The obtained results revealed that HF of different groups increase with increasing of the treatment period, and the highest value obtained for diabetic rats treated with insulin and their wounds treated with TiO2NPs and exposed to IR.
Histopathological examination of the skin results performed in the present study confirmed the observations that mentioned previously about the effect of TiO2NPs and IR. When the rats wounds treated with TiO2NPs and exposed to IR revealed quick recovery of wound healing after 4 days of wound occur, and a faster recovery was appeared following the 14 days which the healing begin was appeared by re-epithelialization of the epidermal layer invasive with folded basement membrane inside the dermis layer and completely recovering after 21 days in comparison to other groups.
The obtained results clarified that the rat liver treated and exposed (TiO2NPs &IR) group revealed an area of recovering as mild dilated portal tract, many hepatocytes have dark rounded nuclei with homogenous cytoplasm adjust to central vein, few necrotic hepatocytes with mild dilated sinusoid comparing to group treated with TiO2NPs alone.
Also, the obtained results revealed that rat kidney exposed to IR and treated with TiO2NPs groups a recovering in the kidney tissue compared to the section of treated with TiO2NPs alone, We noticed the glomeruli with marked urinary space, necrotic mesangial cells and congested blood capillaries and few infiltrating lymphocytes between renal tubules and glomeruli, the renal tubules have rounded nuclei tubular epithelial cells as well as necrotic cells and few of mild dilation of proximal tubule lumen and distal tubules compared to the diabetic not exposed to IR radiation.
The obtained results clarified that there was not any change in all hematological parameters in all treated groups in comparison to untreated diabetic group.