الفهرس 
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Abstract
Aim: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of different archwire gauges on the
rate of canine retraction in adult female patients.
Methodology: Eighteen adult female patients (21±5) years old with maxillary dento-alveolar
protrusion indicated for extraction of maxillary first premolars were recruited in the study. Three
rectangular archwire gauges were investigated; (0.016Ⅹ0.022, 0.017Ⅹ0.025 and 0.019Ⅹ0.025) inch
stainless steel wires in three-arm parallel group study. Three-dimensional digital models were used
to assess monthly rate of canine retraction. Canine was retracted with closed Nickel-Titanium coil
spring delivering 1.5 N force that extended between canine and second molar without additional
means of anchorage. The primary outcome of the study was rate of canine retraction measured from
three-dimensional models. Secondary outcomes of the study were change in canine tip, torque,
rotation as well as canine root resorption measured by CBCT and first molar anchorage loss measured
by three-dimensional models and CBCT.
Results: Average distance moved by the canine per month was 1.01, 0.67 and 0.7 mm in
(0.016Ⅹ0.022, 0.017Ⅹ0.025 and 0.019Ⅹ0.025)-inch stainless steel archwires, respectively with no
statistical significant difference (P-value=0.2). There was statistical significant difference in root
resorption in 0.019Ⅹ0.025” stainless steel group compared to the other two groups (P-value=0.024).
Canine length decreased by (0.5±0.66, 0.41±0.55 and 1.39±1.23) mm in (0.016Ⅹ0.022, 0.017Ⅹ0.025
and 0.019Ⅹ0.025)-inch groups, respectively. Anchorage loss was greater with (0.017Ⅹ0.025 and
0.019Ⅹ0.025)-inch wires compared to 0.016Ⅹ0.022-inch as the first molar moved (2.99±1.12,
2.72±1.17 and 1.71±1.08) mm, respectively with P-value=0.028.
Conclusion: Archwire gauge has no significant effect on the rate nor the type of tooth
movement. Wires with large gauge had more adverse effects on root resorption and anchorage loss.