الفهرس 
Using some chemicals and natural products against lesser grain borer in Egypt and Sudan
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Abstract
The aim of this study investigate the efficacy of some grain protectants dusts i.e (Katel- sous dust; , Diatomaceous earth dust, Black pepper seed dust ( piper nigrum L. ) Dill seed dust ( Anethum graveolens L.)animal dung ash ) and the efficacy of one organophosphorus insecticides namely malathion 1% powder against Rhizopertha dominica (F.) at 28+1OC and 65+ 5 % R.H. The second part of this work was conducted at Sindiyun Shona AL- Qalyubiyah Governorates to evaluate the efficacy of ECO₂-Fume gas and phosphine gas against all of Rhizopertha dominica (F.)stages under natural conditions. The obtained results revealed clearly that malathion 1%, black pepper, animal dung ash, diatomaceous earth, were effective materials and could be used effectively as grain protectants against infestation of R. dominica in frame of an integrated pest management program. The results revealed that mortality of Rhizopertha dominica was increased by increasing the concentration and exposure period it used. However, sensitivity of insect stages to the phosphine gas (PH₃) was differed where the adult of Rhizopertha dominica was susceptible to the PH3 gas than the other stages while eggs and pupae were more tolerant. All tested doses induced a considerable control for all stages and efficacy was increased as the dose increased, so that a dose of 50g/m3 induced 100% mortality of all insect stages after 3 days of treatment. It observed also that concentration of the gas in the ambient was decreased gradually as the period post- treatment was prolonged depending of sealing sorption of the gas. However, sensitivity of insect stages to the gas was differed whereas adult of Rhizopertha dominica (F.) was more susceptible to the ECO₂- Fume gas than the other stages while eggs and pupae were more tolerant