الفهرس 
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Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of permeability of ceramic membrane through macroscopic perforations on guided bone augmentation in relation to a totally occlusive non-perforated ceramic membrane, the evaluation was conducted through histological analysis and calculated surface area for newly formed bone.
The study was operated on 14 healthy mature mongrel dogs divided into two equal groups, the study group with perforated ceramic membrane and the control group with non-perforated ceramic membrane.
Surgical procedure was operated under sterile conditions in the animal theatre faculty of agriculture, Alexandria university, the dogs were generally anesthetized, an intraoral triangular flap was reflected exposing a buccal surface of the mandibular molar area, standardized cortical pores and tricalcium phosphate bone graftwere applied, different ceramic membranes were delivered and fixated, flap retracted and sutured.
Histological evaluation. Sacrification and retaining bone samples was performed 12 weeks after the surgery. Better results beyond vascularity, mineralization, less fibrous tissue, trabecular arrangement, and bone density were associated with the perforated ceramic membrane. Also, a higher mean value of newly formed bone surface area associated with perforated membranes was 40.09 ± 3.50 compared with a smaller value of 19.92 ± 3.63 associated with thenon-perforated membranes.